International currenies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global currenies - Essay Example Extra revelation FACTAs new detailing prerequisites are a lot more extensive than the Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR). This implies people who might not have been liable to FBAR documenting commitment may at present be dependent upon the new announcing prerequisite. The significant contrasts among FACTA and FBAR are: (1) FACTA has a higher resource limit for divulgence at $50,000; (2) FACTA applies to a more extensive scope of advantages; (3) FACTA must be recorded as a connection to an individual expense form dissimilar to FBAR which is documented autonomously of government forms with the Treasury Department. Notwithstanding that, FACTA included another retention framework that requires remote money related organizations with considerable US proprietors to uncover data in regards to the US citizens. Expanded punishments first off, FACTA favors the IRS with an assumption that it is the commitment of the citizen to document her revelation on the off chance that sh e has indicated remote budgetary resources (Packman and Rivero 45). It additionally requires investors in a uninvolved outside venture organization (PFIC) to document a yearly data return uncovering their possession notwithstanding. The base punishment for inability to present the necessary divulgence without sensible reason is $10,000 which would increment by $10,000, for at regular intervals of inability to present the necessary revelation, to a limit of $50,000.

The True Hero in the Merchant of Venice

The Merchant of Venice is a play by William Shakespeare set in sixteenth Century, Venice. This is a play about a Merchant, Antonio, who gets cash from a Jewish cash loan specialist, Shylock. Antonio is acquiring the cash for his companion, Bassanio. Antonio wishes to give the cash to Bassanio so he can endeavor to win the hand of Portia, a well off woman. When Antonio gets himself unfit to reimburse his obligation, his life is in question and the dramatization unfurls. sixteenth Century Venice dislike the world we live in today. In spite of the fact that it was an extremely fruitful city, life for the vast majority was hard.It was a judgemental Christian city where subjection and orchestrated marriage were typical. Shakespeare utilizes this condition to draw out the most noticeably awful in his characters. We see avarice, preference and retribution as each character battles for what they accept to be right. In these environmental factors it isn't hard to track down a scoundrel howeve r it is hard to track down a saint. So who is the genuine legend in the Merchant of Venice? Antonio is one of the primary characters; he is the Merchant of Venice.He is rich, notable and a dedicated companion to Bassanio. Anyway he has contempt towards Jews. Some may consider Antonio to be the legend, for acquiring 3,000 ducats for his dear companion Bassanio however some may consider him as a scoundrel because of his preference towards the Jewish cash loan specialist, Shylock. At the point when he can't pay his obligation and his life is going to be taken he despite everything holds the estimations of fellowship higher than his own life:â€Å"And he apologizes not that he pays your obligation,/For if the Jew do cut yet profound enough/I’ll pay it in a split second with all my heart† (Merchant of Venice, Act 4, Sc. 1, 277-279).But I don't think Antonio can be viewed as a legend in light of the fact that in spite of the fact that he was noteworthy to his companion and t o Venice, his treatment of Shylock was unpardonable. In any event, when requesting the credit he concedes his preference towards Shylock since he was a Jew: â€Å"I am as prefer to approach thee so once more,/To spit on thee once more, to reject on thee too.† (Merchant of Venice, Act 1, Sc. 3, 125-126)And in spite of the fact that he saved Shylocks life and left him half of his fortune, his terms were very cruel:â€Å"He directly gotten a Christian; The other, that he do record a blessing, Here in the court, of all he kicks the bucket possess’d Unto his child Lorenzo and his daughter.†(Merchant of Venice, Act 4, Sc. 1, 385-388).Bassanio didn’t need to make Shylock a Christian; he could have recently released him. This unfeeling term dominates all the beneficial things that he’s accomplished for other people so that’s why I think Bassanio is a reprobate. Shylock is additionally a major piece of the play. He can possibly be a saint on the grou nds that he’s a dedicated legit man, consistent with Judaism and suffers preference in his regular day to day existence: â€Å"You call me skeptic, ferocious canine,/And spit upon my Jewish gaberdine† (Merchant of Venice, Act 1, Sc. 3, 107-108).His little girl, Jessica, flees from him to be with her Christian darling, Lorenzo. She additionally changes over to Christianity and takes every one of his wealth. Now the peruser feels frustrated about Shylock yet when he ends up in the situation of intensity, he ends up being as merciless as every other person: â€Å"I’ll have no speaking, I will have my bond† (Merchant of Venice, Act 3, Sc. 3, 17).His disposition doesn’t change when he goes to court and by this stage the peruser has no compassion toward him so Shylock is unquestionably not a gallant or agreeable character. Portia is one of the main three principle female characters in the play. She is faithful to her late dad, smart, clever and insidious . Will she be a legend or a miscreant? Portia appears to be a casualty from the outset; how she’s constrained into a marriage and doesn’t have a choice.However when Bassanio, the man she’s adored from first sight, picks the correct coffin she appears to be substance and she reveals to him that he is her â€Å"king† †(Merchant of Venice, Act 3, Sc. 2, 165). When Bassanio’s dear companion, Antonio, is in a tough situation and requirements 3,000 ducats, Portia gives her grace and love for Bassanio by offering to pay even more:â€Å"Pay his 6,000, and destroy the bond. Twofold 6,000, and afterward treble that, Before a companion of this depiction Shall lose a hair through Bassanio’s fault.†(Merchant of Venice, Act 3, Sc. 2, 297-300)Her most noteworthy act is sparing the life of Antonio. It is simple for a rich individual to pay a bond however Portia makes a more noteworthy penance by masking herself as a male specialist of law and co nfronting the court. At the point when she can't convince Shylock to adjust his perspective, she says that he is very qualified under the law for remove a pound of Antonio’s flesh.However she outsmarts him by neglecting to specify that he can't legitimately draw blood and in this way can in truth not take the substance he so wants. I think this shows Portia is brave and clever. As I would like to think I feel that the genuine saint in the Merchant of Venice is Portia. I think this since she is thoughtful, liberal, helps other’s, and spared someone’s live. This makes her stand apart as a brave character over all the others.

Renaissance and Reformation Free Essays

Renaissance and Reformation Test Humanism-Classical writings from the Greek and Roman culture lead to humanism. Humanism concentrated on human potential and accomplishments. Individuals quit stressing over Christian lessons. We will compose a custom paper test on Renaissance and Reformation or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Affected specialists and designers. History, Literature, and Philosophy are humanities subjects. Common People got worried about the present time and place Predestination-Calling’s book/teaching; Institutes of the Christian Religion expresses that everybody is wicked essentially and God has known from the earliest starting point who he will spare. Committee of Trend-Pope Paul Ill fourth step toward change was to call an extraordinary board of hurt pioneers to Trend. Catholic Bishops and Cardinals concurred on a few tenets: 1) Church understanding of the holy book was last any individual who subbed there thoughts was a blasphemer 2) Christians need confidence and acts of kindness for salvation 3) The Bible and church customs were both as ground-breaking for direction 4)luncheons were substantial articulations of confidence Annul-Divorce was not permitted anyway the pope could repeal the hallucination which meaner to discover verification that the illusion was never lawful in any case Recant-to reclaim an announcement you made about something Indulgence-you pay cash for an extravagance and it will remove our transgression Patron- Popes who enhanced the urban areas by going through a lot of cash 95 theory Luther composed 95 propositions that he figured the congregation should change which lead to renewal a development for strict change. His showing had 3 principle thoughts: 1) People could win salvation by ONLY with confidence in god, the congregation instructed that confidence and â€Å"good workers† were required for salvation 2) All congregation lessons ought to be founded on the book of scriptures. The pope and church conventions were bogus specialists 3) All individuals with confidence were equivalent subsequently individuals didn’t need ministers to decipher the good book for them Edict of Worms-King Charles pronounced Luther of a bandit and blasphemer, nobody should give him nourishment or haven and his books were to be singed. Anyway Prince Frederick gave him cover in a palace and individuals started to follow his idioms; clerics wore normal garments and called themselves sirs, drove administration in German not Latin and a few clergymen wedded, which made another strict gathering called the Lutheran as opposed to looking for changes against the Catholic Church. Protestant-A Christian who isn't Catholic Peace of Suburbs-German rulers chose if there state would be catholic or rottenest Act of Supremacy-English demonstration of Parliament that perceived Henry VIII as the â€Å"Supreme Head† of the Church of England not the pope Anabaptist-Believed that individuals shouldn’t be purified through water into the Christian confidence as youngsters since they were not mature enough to choose if they needed to be Christian; instructed that the congregation and the state ought to be isolated, and they wouldn't battle wars. Survey Anabaptists as radicals who compromised society the two Catholics and Protestants abused them Peasants Revolt-laborers were energized by Lather’s progressive thoughts and requested a conclusion to serfdom. The revolt alarmed Luther so Luther composed a flyer encouraging the German Princes to show no kindness, the military squashed the revolt slaughtering more than 100,000 individuals. Feeling deceived by Luther numerous laborers dismissed his strict administration. Anyway through his compositions he stayed compelling People Igniting of Loyola-Catholic reformer, composed the Spiritual Exercises that spread out a step by step plan of contemplation, supplication, and study. The pope made Igniting a strict request called the Society of Jesus Members were called Jesuits-focused on 3 thoughts: 1) Founded schools all through Europe. 2) Convert non-Christians to Catholicism 2) Stop Protestantism from spreading Johann Gutenberg-Reinvented versatile sort and the print machine that presses paper against a plate loaded with inked mobile sort made the principal finished book of scriptures called the Gutenberg Bible Johann Tested-Was fund-raising to revamp SST. Pewter’s Cathedral in Rome, he did this by selling extravagances, he gave the feeling that by purchasing guilty pleasures you could purchase your approach to paradise Martin Luther: Against Tested for selling guilty pleasures Wrote 95 proposition assaulting â€Å"Pardon Merchants† Believed you can just win salvation through confidence and absolution of God Expelled by Pope Leo X Charles V gave the Edict of Worms pronouncing Luther as a blasphemer, yet Prince Frederick protected him in a mansion Translated the New Testament to German Lutheran were his devotees John Calvin: Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion which communicated thoughts regarding God, salvation, and human instinct Called the couple of individuals that God decides to spare the â€Å"elect†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ God has known since the very beginning who will be spared fate Calvinist Ruled Geneva, Switzerland with religious (government administered by strict pioneers) Geneva was a city of high good in light of how exacting he was Henry VIII: Married to Catherine of Argon and has a girl named Mary however needs a separation so he can have a child to be the beneficiary to the honored position Pope wouldn't abrogate his marriage so he assembled a meeting with the reorganization Parliament and solicited to pass a set from laws that finished the pope’s power in England Act of Supremacy made the ruler the leader of the Church of England, not the pope Closed religious communities and expanded all out force Anne had a little girl named Elizabeth so he detained her in a pinnacle and guillotined her third spouse gave him his child, Edward Erasmus: Christian humanist from Holland who composed The Praise of Folly which ridiculed ravenous vendors, heartsick darlings, contentious researchers, and grandiose clerics Believes in Christianity of the heart Wrote in Latin In request to improve society, all individuals should contemplate the Bible Catherine of Argon-Married to Henry VII never had a kid so Henry needed to cancel the marriage from the outset the pope said no in light of the fact that she would not like to irritate the Holy Roman Empire Charles V yet later after Henry VII put in the Act of Supremacy-Made the English King the head of chapel not the pope the marriage was abrogated Pope Leo X-banished Luther after 95 proposal Artists: Donated-Made models increasingly sensible via cutting characteristic stances and articulations cut the sculpture David Leonardo De Vinci-Artistic researcher, painted Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, A True â€Å"Renaissance Man† Raphael-Learned from Leonardo De Vinci and Michelangelo, Painte d the dividers of Julius II Library, Painted School of Athens, passes on the traditional writing of the Renaissance and shows old style and Renaissance figures together Michelangelo-Sculpted David second, celebrated the human body and investigated Renaissance topic of human potential, stamped the roof of the Sistine Chapel, Scientific craftsman, genuine â€Å"Renaissance man† Jan Van Check-Italian Renaissance, Oil-based Paintings exceptionally reasonable Writers: Machiavelli-Wrote The Prince which said a ruler must be solid as a lion and smart as a fox, he may need to deceive his enemy’s and even his own kin to benefit the state, he was not worried about the ethically right yet with the politically powerful Castigation-distributed The Courtier with the assistance of Aviators Cologne Sir Thomas Moore-Christian Humanists, he was worried about society’s defects, composed Utopia about a nonexistent land possessed by a harmony cherishing individuals. In Greek Utopia meaner â€Å"no place† however in English it has come to mean perfect spot on account of Mores book Vocal Perspective-AD craftsmanship Vernacular-Native language Anglican-Anglican Church= just legitimate Church of England Elizabeth was head of Church Presbyterian-Followers of John Knox; he was an evangelist from Scotland whom spread the instructing of John Calvin and made Calvinist Scotland official religion Catholic Reformation-Helping Catholics stay faithful to the congregation Questions: The Renaissance started in Italy due to flourishing urban communities, a well off dealer class, and the traditional legacy of Greece and Rome. Britain lingered behind in view of the bubonic plague and the 100 years’ war. An ideal Renaissance Man-Charming, clever, knowledgeable, Dance, sing, play music, compose verse, gifted rider, grappler, fighter, self-controlled Northern versus.. Southern Renaissance Art: Northern: Focused distinctly on Religion; about scenes and the ways of life of individuals Southern: increasingly common; Greek and Roman legends, about divine beings and goddesses Catholic Reformation made strides like having the Society of Jesus, Jesuits, and the Council of Trend to address the Protestant Reformation 4 developments that made up the Reformation: . 3. 4. What changes did this bring to Europe? Of Prohibited books-Institutes of Christian Religion-Index Sarandon-Patriarch-Velasquez-What city was the focal point of the Renaissance? Florence, Italy What kind of workmanship was the focal point of the Renaissance? Authenticity (at times utilizing Biblical scenes) The shipper family named Renaissance. Medici was significant toward the start of the Who driven the part away from the Catholic Church in England? Henry VIII Why did England split from the congregation? The King needed a male beneficiary so he expected to separate from his better half What nation did the Protestant reconstruction start in? Germany (Martin Luther in Wattenberg) How was the print machine vital to Martin Luther? He could spread his convictions all the more proficiently This development came about because of the Protestant Reformation. It was an endeavor to change the Catholic Church to all the more likely address the issues of its adherents. Catholic Reformation 1 . Reasons that the Renaissance began on the Italian promontory incorporate the entirety of the accompanying EXCEPT the peninsula’s A. Geographic area B. Political association C. Religion D. Social structure E. Monetary structure 2. Which of coming up next isn't a Renaissance esteem?

How to Write a Term Paper Proposal

How to Write a Term Paper ProposalHow to write a term paper proposal or research paper requires extensive knowledge of the term paper literature. That's why it's important to write a proposal with the most suitable type of papers for each target audience.On the other hand, writing a research paper proposal is a somewhat easier undertaking than an essay on the topic. It's just that this project is more structured, and the structure and goals need to be simpler and more clear. This article should help you understand how to write a research paper proposal.The purpose of a research paper or term paper is to conduct a large-scale study on the topic of your choice. This is usually an organized study, which must be implemented within a certain time period, either six months or a year. The research should also meet certain goals, which is defined in terms of what the research can do for the whole research team. What is your focus in your study?Answer these questions and you'll get all the in formation you need to write a term paper proposal. First, you have to decide the purpose of your research. You may want to try to answer some of the issues surrounding your topic, like why your topic is interesting, and why people like or find it interesting. After you've decided what the aim of your research is, you can then think about how you will write a proposal. You will need to write a research paper proposal so that the guidelines outlined in this article can be followed.Your proposal should be written as a clear and concise report on the topic you chose. If it's a research paper proposal, you can make the paper shorter by adding various resources on the topic, because people might find it difficult to grasp the whole thing. Even the length can be shortened if you choose to include graphs, table of contents, recommendations, and other things. However, you will have to include any supplementary information if you want to write a research paper proposal.You should choose a top ic that's clear and understandable to the reader. A research paper on the topic of the next bestselling book is less interesting than the topic of your graduate thesis. A research paper on the topic of what you want to achieve with your PhD is as interesting as a research paper on your next project. These are some examples of topics that are too hard to understand for the reader.You will also need to make sure that the contents of your paper are well-organized. This means you can use the examples in the bibliography or the reference list to guide the reader through the paper. When you're writing a research paper, don't write too much. That's the point where a reader might get confused and won't be able to figure out what you're trying to write about.

Can Mindfulness Be Used For Enhance Learning - 1618 Words

Can Mindfulness Be Used to Enhance Learning? By Dr. Bruce A. Johnson | Submitted On July 01, 2015 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Dr. Bruce A. Johnson When you think about the word mindfulness you may not automatically associate it with learning and higher education. Most educators want to focus their attention on the subject matter being taught and the development of skills that are needed to ensure academic success, such as writing and reading skills. Mindfulness is also associated with spirituality and guided meditation, which again may not seem like a natural fit for the learning process. But mindfulness has a much broader definition and potential use, and it is utilized in both organizations and schools. The one exception is distance learning and for that field there is little direct application and implementation of mindfulness practices. At its essence, mindfulness is about developing a focused state of mind through a process of directing and controlling thoughts and thought patterns at a specific time. It involves developing a better sense of self-awareness, being focused on breathing or anything else that helps to create a point of focus, removing mentalShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Merit Of Studying Moral Cognition Essay977 Words   |  4 Pagesabout how the brain interacts with itself. As we come to better understand these processes, we will become better equipped to enhance them. Broader Impacts of the Study of Moral Cognition The ability to improve moral decision-making abilities can impact society in ways no other research findings can; more lives can be saved and the quality of life, work, and relationships can be improved. Background Information The dual-process brain works through two distinct systems, an automatic, reflexive systemRead MoreThe Importance Of Moral Decision Making Abilities1061 Words   |  5 Pagesto better understand these processes, we will become better equipped to enhance them. Broader Impacts The purpose of research goes beyond knowing; what is learned through research must be imparted to those who may benefit from it. The ability to improve moral decision-making abilities can impact society in a way that no other research findings can; more lives can be saved, the quality of life, work, and relationships can be improved. Background The dual-process brain works through two distinctRead MoreAnxiety And Learning Anxiety846 Words   |  4 Pagesplace throughout this stage of development. As a result, the rates of many psychopathologies increase significantly among adolescents ages 10–16. Extensive research that shows that anxiety levels and disrupted social skills can be particularly high among adolescents with learning disabilities (LD). However, the origin of anxiety as it relates to LD has yet to be determined, making it hard to treat. On the one hand, there exists the â€Å"deficit in study skills† model in which anxiety is a result of lowRead MoreMindfulness : The Religious Ideologies Of The Eastern World1355 Words   |  6 Pages Mindfulness derives from the religious ideologies of the Eastern world, specifically originating from Buddhism. Mindfulness represents a state of consciousness in which an individual is completely aware of the present moment. The intense awareness of the present mom ent allows the individual to acknowledge the feelings, thoughts, and emotions being experienced in a nonjudgmental manner. Mindfulness involves cognition about cognition, and the ability to observe thoughts impartially. However, presentRead MoreMindfulness Meditation ( Mm )1528 Words   |  7 Pagesin meditation and mindfulness has bloomed like a lotus flower. There are numerous studies demonstrating various positive outcomes of mindfulness meditation (MM). But, what is mindfulness? What are the mechanisms behind MM that help facilitate these positive outcomes including improved physical health, psychological well-being, and cognition? The concept of mindfulness has its roots in Buddhist philosophy and is a key element of Buddhist meditation practices. The word mindfulness derives from the PaliRead MoreDialectical Behavior Therapy Is A Second Wave Therapy1065 Words   |  5 Pagesthat comprehensive psychotherapy should meet the following five vital functions: â€Å"1. Enhance and maintain the client’s motivation to change 2. Enhance the client’s capabilities 3. Ensure that the client’s new capabilities are generalized to all relevant environments 4. Enhance the therapist’s motivation to treat clients while also enhancing the therapist’s capabilities 5. Structure the environment so that treatment can take place (What is DBT? 2016).† In an effort to fulfill these requirements, she createdRead MoreEmotion Regulation Is One Of The Most Critical Stages Of1293 Words   |  6 Pages Emotions represent our internal state and are influenced by our external environment. They can be automatic or controlled response to our environment in relation to our current situation. As children start to learn about their emotions, they begin to understand how they can influence; the kinds of emotions they have, when they experience certain emotions and how they express their emotions. Emotions can be influenced by adjusting ones internal emotional state in a way that is more comfortable andRead MoreA Short Summary And Rhetorical Analysis Of Five Sources Regarding Student Success Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide accurate results. This makes the entire experiment more trustworthy and credible. The large number of students who participated in the study as well as the use of multiple colleges across the US provided a diverse poo l of feedback the team used to establish an accurate and credible conclusion. 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Nutrition: Foods and substances that cause stress, anxiety, and depression: Clients will learn about pseudostressors hidden in foods and legal drugs that cause anxiety, depression, and contribute to negative mental health symptoms. Will distribute handouts with lists of pseudostressors . Holistic: Benefits of exercise, nutrition, and meditation/mindfulness. Clients will learn about the benefits of exercise

The Epic of Gilgamesh Essays - 783 Words

True love and immortality in life would be a dream come true to many people. To spend time with a special someone; the person one feels closest to; the so-called soul mate and to never have that high feeling of emotion end mentally and physically would greatly appeal to most people. But when death steps into the picture, even with all the pain and devastation, one starts to re-evaluate themselves and realizes the important things in life and puts it all into perspective. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, the main character, Gilgamesh, is a powerful, arrogant king and part god. Enkidu, Gilgamesh’s partner, is animal-like but later takes on more humanistic traits such as his contemplation’s of death. The friendship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu is a†¦show more content†¦quot;In the silence of people they began to laugh and clutched each other in their breathless exaltationquot; (24). From there is when Gilgamesh knew what true love and happiness was, which would later all ow him to contemplate death. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With having Enkidu in his life, Gilgamesh realizes the importance of caring for others. For this Gilgamesh wanted to change his cities perception of him. He did not want to be looked at as an evil king. He wanted to be someone who would go down in history, never dying. So to make his city happy and to show good fortune he went forth to kill Humbaba, an evil guardian of the forest. quot;And then he raised his ax up higher and swung it in a perfect arc into Humbaba’s neckquot; (40), ultimately killing Humbaba. During this journey and small battle Enkidu had been wounded. Enkidu eventually dies from his wounds and Gilgamesh nearly goes insane from losing his best friend and lover. Gilgamesh then acknowledges death and despises it. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Although at first Gilgamesh is distraught, depressed, and very desperate to go find eternal life he realizes that what he had with Enkidu was special and should enjoy the rest of his life, care for others and acknowledge death as a part of life. When Gilgamesh is in his panic stage going to look for the eternal life he thinks irrationally. HeShow MoreRelatedGilgamesh And The Epic Of Gilgamesh988 Words   |  4 PagesThe maturation of Gilgamesh and his desire to acquire wisdom throughout his journey is quite apparent. By overcoming difficulties such as upholding Uruk, becoming friends with Enkidu, and various other scenarios, Gilgamesh proves that he did in fact grow up throughout the epic. As the epic starts, Gilgamesh is portrayed as a self-centered, self-admiring leader who believes that he is the only individual that can lead the city of Uruk. Gilgamesh believes that he is a god-like figure and often refersRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh : Gilgamesh1013 Words   |  5 Pages Gilgamesh in 2015 Even though the epic Gilgamesh is thousands of years old, it is still read today. Why would the era of technology read an epic this old? This is because the themes in Gilgamesh are still relevant. In addition, the themes are experiences that Gilgamesh went through in his life period, and serve as lessons for the current readers. Gilgamesh’s themes include journey, legacy, love, and death. These themes make Gilgamesh a vital reading for the 21st century citizens because peopleRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh1194 Words   |  5 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh is a Mesopotamian epic poem loosely based on a real king who ruled sometime around 2700 BCE. The standard version of this epic was written in the Akkadian language. In this epic poem, Gilgamesh is King of Uruk, he is one third mortal and two-thirds god; he is described as a strong, arrogant, and unruly king that does not show much consideration for his actions. Gilgamesh is a very egocentric person; he has no res pect for the feelings of others and does not care about howRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh909 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh† is a didactic story set out to expose the inevitability of death. The true meaning of this story is sometimes overlooked because the story is told in heighten language not easily understood. The epic hero in this story is Gilgamesh; he undertakes a quest for knowledge which is overshadowed by his ignorance. The tragic death of Enkidu, Gilgamesh’s trusted companion forces the epic hero to change his perception of death. To overcome great obstacles one must be willing to putRead MoreGilgamesh The Epic Of Gilgamesh877 Words   |  4 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh the lines that are repeated at the beginning and end of the epic show that only immortality a human can gain lies in creating things that last beyond a person’s lifetime. While at the beginning of the epic Gilgamesh is seeking eternal life, when he concl udes his journey he realizes that he has created an enduring legend through the foundation of his city, Uruk. Through this legend, Gilgamesh can live on in the memory of his people, long after he has passed away. The epic is ableRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Gilgamesh1422 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Epic of Gilgamesh there are many notable relationships but the relationship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu is hands down the most noteworthy. When analyzing the relationship of Gilgamesh and Enkidu there are many factors that go into play. It is really the sole foundation of the whole Sumerian epic and it really changes the whole personality of Gilgamesh. In order to get a better understanding of how the two characters complement each other we have to first break down their individual appearancesRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh876 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Epic of Gilgamesh a young man meets and befriends a wild man named Enkidu. Enkidu, once a man who lived among animal s, became civilized after having sex with a female. From this point on Gilgamesh and Enkidu’s relationship start, but shortly into the novel Enkidu becomes sick and dies. This is the start to Gilgamesh journey in attempting to avoid death by seeking immortality. In his quest Gilgamesh meets several people all who assign different routes to the next person he should speak to.Read MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh1400 Words   |  6 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story about Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk and Enkidu, their friendship, how Enkidu dies, how Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend and finally he understands enlightened truth . Most of this story is narrated from Gilgamesh’s point of view. The story is set in Mesopotamia and the portrayal of Gilgamesh is ironical. He is described as a king of immense vigor and strength who is not benevolent with his subjectsRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh By Gilgamesh1476 Words   |  6 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh was the earliest surviving written epic that told story of Gilgamesh king of Uruk that was the world first cities that was built along the Tigris and Euphrates River 5,000 years ago. Aruru created the human race, Enkidu and a wild man who roamed the pasture like a gazelle. The epic of Gilgamesh goddesses and scared harlots wild men who cavort in the fields with the gazelles kings who are descended from gods. The Urban Revolution was recognize the elemen ts of our own world byRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Gilgamesh Essay2053 Words   |  9 PagesWhile the women in the Epic of Gilgamesh may not be the primary focus of the epic, which instead recounts more of Gilgamesh’s own trials and travails, they still play quite vital roles in their interactions with both Enkidu and Gilgamesh. Women such as Shamhat, Ninsun, and Ishtar in The Epic of Gilgamesh are often portrayed with a particular emphasis on their intrinsic connections to civilization—and in the case of Shamhat and Ninsun, in terms of their motherly characteristics as well—which serves

Predeployment Essay Example For Students

Predeployment Essay PREDEPLOYMENTWhen preparing the units mobilization plan and TSOP include the supplies and equipment that will be required for the unit to operate in an NBC environment. DO NOT wait until ordered to mobilize to begin preparation for the mission. A well prepared and trained unit stands a much better chance of surviving and accomplishing their mission!ACTIONS BEFORE A BIOLOGICAL ATTACKAssemble and brief the NBC monitoring and decontamination teamsTreat all cuts, wounds, or other areas of the body susceptible to infection or infectious diseasesCover all food and waterIncrease vector control programsAssign member to shut off ECU and button down sectionUp to date immunizationsMaintain good hygieneArea sanitationfollow field/san guidelinesPhysical conditioningphysical fitness, maintain proper weightTrain on individual and collective NBC defense tasksEnsure that patients have mask readily available and coverObtain materials for covering supplies and equipment(such as plastic sheeting, tape, tarpaulins)Obtain materials for preparing improvised protection in shelters (such as plastic sheeting, tarpaulins, tape, sandbags)Biological agent treatment readily available (based on suspect threat agent in AO)Be prepared to isolate bio agent patientsOperations in Special EnvironmentsCold Weather:Harder to aerosolize live bio agents, but bio cloud may be prolonged. Cover attack most likelywatch for sabotage! Troops more vulnerablediseases spread in warm, crowded conditions. Nutrition, water, rest and cleanliness harder to maintain. Desert: Aerosolized bio agents ineffective due to low humidity and UV radiation of sunexception being spore-forming agents. Night conditions favor aero bio attack. Toxins(ricin) are resistant and can be employed just like chem. agents. Jungle: Excellent conditions for bio agents/toxins(warm temp, high humidity, low sunlight). Downwind hazards less(low wind speed, jungle growth). Follow strict field/san and vector/rodent control. Urban: Buildings provide cover but may increase persistency of bio agents-toxins very effective. Covert ops likelysanitary and personal hygiene measures, imms must be enforced. Never assume hydrant water is safe! Biological Attack IndicatorsIf threat forces attack with bio agents, there may be little or no warning. Soldiers need to automatically mask when attack indicators are high. Some of thses indicators are the same that could be found after a chem. attack but with one critical difference: after taking immediate action to protect themselves, soldiers will be unable to detect and identify chem. agent vapors/liquids. Mysterious illness (large # of soldiers)Large # of insects or unusual insects not normally in areaLarge # of sick or dead animals (domestic and wild)Artillery shells with less powerful explosions than HE roundsAerial bombs that pop rather than explodeMist or fog sprayed by an slow moving aircraft or helicopterMysterious illness in both the soldier and civilian population which approaches epidemic #sCasualty distribution aligned with wind directionHigh # of resp. involvement, when that disease in nature is usually non-respiratory. Illness type unusual for geographic area. Low attack rate among those working indoorsThere are no indications of chem. attack, but no immediate effects. A presumed chem. attack has occurred but the agent has not been identified. Unusual odorWitness to an attackobviously!Remember: A Bio attack is considered suspected until confirmed laboratory analysis!!!Words/ Pages : 503 / 24

Branding as a Significant Business Strategy

Executive Summary According to economists and business analysts, the ability of a product to sell or to attract a higher clientele depends mainly on how it is packaged, marketed and advertised to the potential market segment. Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Branding as a Significant Business Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, it is always important to select a name and a presentation technique that will motivate the consumers to buy a product irrespective of the available substitute goods. In today’s society, branding has become a significant strategy to employ while trying to eliminate competition or/and competing effectively. Branding presents an organization with the opportunity to enhance its reputation and make itself known by the consumers. It is an important tool to utilize especially since consumer loyalty in today’s world can easily be swayed. Therefore, if an organiz ation intends to remain successful in the highly dynamic markets, it is imperative that they employ some cutting edge innovative brand in order to keep the consumers ‘wired’ to the products that the organization is producing. Introduction According to Walser, a brand can best be defined as a â€Å"name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers† (39). As such, it should be known that branding is not only about making the consumers buy your product but also a means of making them understand that your organization has the ultimate solutions for their needs and desires. It is an important concept because a product brand acts as a guarantee that the organization will always cater for the needs of the target consumers at all times. Consequently, branding plays a pivotal role in forging a long lasting relationship between the consumers and the product because they are assured th at the desired quality of the product will always be there. As mentioned earlier, brands are very important in the marketing process of a given product. This is mainly because a brand goes a long way in reputation building as well as creating an image for your organization. In most cases, consumers do not buy products because of the management and financial status of an organization but their decision to buy a product solely depends on how it is presented and its ability to satisfy a given need. Therefore, giving a product a good name or a relevant symbol will suffice in convincing the consumers that a given product is what they need. Brands are very critical towards the success of a business and often refer to what an organization is doing to make itself known to the general public. According to Randall, branding may range from posting an advert, tagging your car with the business logo, using an attractive letterhead on your invoices or letters with essential details on what your b usiness is all about. Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author suggests that in so doing, it may not be a surprise when referrals start trickling in, phones start ringing or people recognizing your product when they see it. A marketing rule of thumb is that you must be seen, heard and remembered by your target market. Branding offers the avenues through which these aspects can be addressed simultaneously. It should be noted that consumers are often showered with different brands on a daily basis. Therefore, the best way to stay on top should be through effective branding. This can only be achieved when an organization does extensive research on consumer behavior as well as the new trends in the markets. Such endeavors ensure that the consumers are blinded from other products thereby cutting marketing and production costs that could have otherwise been incurred in th e process of introducing new products into the market. Types of branding There are various documented branding strategies. The decision on which brand an organization should use depends mainly on the targeted market, cost and the type of product or service that the organization is offering to its consumers. They include the following: Corporate brands These are brands used by companies which offer a specified benefit or service to their clients. The main advantage of using corporate brand is that everything that the organization does is linked to the brand that it has chosen. This is beneficial to the company because it reduces the costs incurred in advertising and introducing new products to the market. However such brands have a disadvantage associated with the use of a single brand for various products. As earlier mentioned, consumer loyalty can easily be swayed depending on how a product or service is presented. What seems fashionable today may not necessarily hold the same we ight tomorrow. Therefore, using a single brand for different products may not enable a company to compete effectively with a company which uses various brands for its products. In addition to this, failure of a product, affects the company as a whole because consumers will most likely associate the failure to the brand and consequently every product under the brand will be considered as a failure. Distinct Brand This type of brand is used by companies or organizations which choose to introduce all their products as independent brands for example Proctor Gamble. Most companies prefer this type of branding because each product is independent. As such, any problem that arises from the brand is not linked directly to the company. Additionally, the distinct benefits that can be accrued from a product are directly associated with their brand. Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Branding as a Significant Business Strategy specifically for you for only $1 6.05 $11/page Learn More The disadvantage of using this type of brand is that the product requires its own marketing strategy and a budgetary allocation which at times may be very expensive. On the same note, the success of a given brand may not be attributed to the brand of the company that manufactured the product. Hybrid Brand According to Haines this is the brand used â€Å"when a product extends the benefit of an overall brand or company† (176). It is a great strategy to use because the marketing and the branding can be done using the same budget and help build the overall reputation of the company. However, any problem associated with the product will affect both brands. An example of a hybrid brand is the merger of Firestone tires with Bridgestone tires. If the product they produce generates some negative feedback, this will affect both brands equally. Umbrella Brand Haines states that this brand applies â€Å"if a company offers different products with different benefits, but they all extend the same value to the customer† (179). A good example for this type of brand is Nike which produces athletic gears. It is much easier and cost effective to present such products under one brand. The advantage of using this brand is that each product contributes towards the satisfaction of the consumers thereby adding value to the overall brand. In addition to this, the marketing and branding strategies can easily share costs. The disadvantage of using this type of brand is that the company stands at a risk if a single product does not perform as expected. This will ultimately affect the whole brand. Arguably, whichever branding strategy that a company decides to adopt has its advantages and disadvantages. It is therefore important that an organization select a strategy that will attract more benefits than costs while choosing a branding strategy. Literature review It should be noted that analysis performed in branding range from those requiring simple tools (interviews and questionnaires) to others which require elaborate equipment (quality control research and experiments). According to Malhotra â€Å"the matter of validity as concerns the results obtained from such analysis largely depends on the procedures followed and measures undertaken during the test run† (187). The issue of consistency arises in that if there is no standardized way in which these analyses were carried out, then their validity cannot be reaffirmed time and time again. Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The desirable consistency can only be achieved if there is a set of well stipulated procedures and methods which are followed to the letter at all times. Therefore, the success of a brand will depend on the degree of organization showcased by the company during the production to the introduction of the product to the market. In the past, most organizations never gave much thought to quality control. Perhaps this had been due to the absolute power which traditionally lay in the hands of the person producing the products. The consumers of these products and services had in those instances been nothing but a passive recipient with no say over the affairs taking place. The tables have however turned around with the adoption of absolute customer satisfaction policies by institutes and the information explosion which can be attributed almost primarily to the internet. Due to these two factors, it is important that an organization produce quality products for its client. From this paper, it has been noted that the failure of a given brand may lead to the demise of a whole company. In as much as branding contributes significantly to the success of a product, matters pertaining to the quality of the product must be equally adhered to in order to avoid compromising situations. For example, the Firestone tire recall in the 70’s affected the whole company and tarnished the brand name for years to come. This may come as a shock especially since not all products put in the market had problems. Therefore quality goes hand in hand with branding when it comes to marketing a given product. Having discussed the need for the establishment of quality control, it would be prudent to outline how to go about this in the branding process. Malhotra affirms that there are a number of variables that can affect the success of a brand (226). These variables include but are not limited to the company’s knowledge of the current market trends, the strategy used and the inter pretation and reporting of the acquired results. Despite the existence of these variables, quality control can be achieved if the best practices and procedures are adhered to. It should be noted that these practices are not conclusive in nature now chronological. From the onset of the branding process, controls should be established for each of the procedures that may be undertaken. A control is a sample of a specimen whose result is already known. It acts as a benchmark and is vital for validating the results of the entire brand (Elliot and Percy, 197). These controls will be expected to yield results that are in the realm of some pre-prescribed criteria for acceptability. All research performed should strictly follow the physical parameters that have been established. This will lead to standardization in the performance since the same set of physical constraints was used in all similar tests. The consumer who is the center of attention for the organization should also be kept in the know of how the analyses are progressing. Lindstrom suggests that â€Å"not only will this lead to significant increase in the consumers trust in the given brand but it may also lead to faster recovery in cases where a brand has already been disqualified by the market† (72). It is further proposed that the organization should be reassuring to the consumers every step of the way until the launch of the brand. This can be done through advertising the new product which will prepare and make the consumers anxious to try out the new brand. Monitoring of the current brands and how best they meet the customers’ expectations should be done. As such, the current methods of testing and coming up with results should be analyzed and the satisfaction levels resulting from this both from the customers point for view and from a technical point of view analyzed. Having done this, it would be easy to assess how far off from the desired quality the current brand fall. A different kind of monitoring that would be desirable would be that of the substitute brands (Elliot and Percy, 193). This would be done periodically to ensure that best practices are being followed and at the same time see to it that the high levels of quality stipulated are continually followed. In addition to this, it would ensure that a given brand has a competitive edge over its substitutes making it more preferred by the targeted market. Lastly, the branding process should involve the identification and subsequent addressing of any errors that may have been noticed. To put it in another way, if a current method of getting things done is not effective and efficient, better methods should be come up with. The addressing of these problems may be done in a range of ways. Hoyer and Macinnis propose the involvement of the consumers in the re-evaluation of the brand (254). However, this can only be done to a point since if the flaw is of a procedural nature, the consumer would not be in a pos ition to offer any significant suggestions due to lack of expertise in the field. Major advantages can be reaped from a brand driven culture by both the consumer and the organization. The consumer will feel appreciated and hence have more faith in the product while at the same time giving more suggestions and opinions on the product. He will also return to the same organization in the future should the need arise. The organization will yield better results if the brand is accepted since there will be standardization of procedures and hence repetition of positive results from the product will be assured. Money will also be saved once a set of procedures have been adopted and used continuously therefore costs reduced. The risk of failure or inefficiency will also be reduced by a large percentage. For example, the manufactures of Mercedes Benz have continuously enjoyed a large market share due to the brand name. Their consistent production of luxury cars has made the company an icon in the motor vehicle industry. Due to this consistency, the company has developed a large consumer base based on the culture fostered by the brand. Marketing research According to a survey I carried out on the coca cola beverage brand, majority of the participators claimed that they had never grown an interest in other soft drinks other than their preferred choice. They attributed this to the fact that it is an international brand and that it meet their needs in terms of taste and design. Those that did not have any brand loyalty claimed that they choose their soft drinks according to how it is presented. That means their choice of drinks depends on how it is packaged, its name and how flashy it looks. On the same note, I also had a chance to interview various athletes about their choice in athletic gear. Those that preferred Nike claimed that the brand has been developing quality gear for a very long time thus making them reliable. From these interviews, I gathered that a brandâ₠¬â„¢s culture and history plays a pivotal role in influencing the consumers into buying those products. In addition to this, it became evident that the brand name does not necessarily reflect on the performance of the organization producing it. Most of the participants did not know much about the manufacturer of their products but only cared about the products that they get. This goes to show that branding is the most effective way of ensuring a place in the global market. However, the question on quality of the brand also had a significant effect on the brand’s success. Conclusion This paper reinforces the dire need for adopting branding strategies in today’s business world. The means discussed herein for creating quality brands in organizations are nowhere near being conclusive in nature but offer a solid platform from which definitive policies can be launched. It can also be clearly seen from the arguments presented championing the need for a brand culture that th ere is a great need to formulate some form of quality control method to avoid repercussions of immense magnitude both to the organization and also on the part of the consumers which may come about as a result of brands being flawed. The paper does recognize the various costs which will be incurred while ensuring a brand’s success and while it may be reasoned out by management that these costs are not a priority, given the many other areas that may need funding, the future economic advantages that can be accrued from adopting an aggressive branding strategy far outweighs the costs. The various types of branding have been addressed and their advantages and disadvantages mentioned. The various schools of thought presented by various scholars pertaining to branding have also been analyzed. Undoubtedly the assimilation of branding in the marketing of different products presents organizations with a chance to survive the turbulences that are presented by the ever changing markets . Works Cited Elliot, Richard and Percy, Larry. Strategic brand management. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print. Haines, Steven. The Product Manager’s Desk Reference. USA: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2008. Print. Hoyer, Wayne and Macinnis, Deborah. Consumer Behavior. Chicago: Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. Lindstrom, Martin. Clicks, bricks brands. USA: Kogan Page Publishers, 2001. Print. Malhotra, Naresh. Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation. New York: Pearson Education, 2009. Print. Walser, Martin G. Brand strength: building and testing models based on experiential information. USA: DUV, 2004. Print. This term paper on Branding as a Significant Business Strategy was written and submitted by user Giancarlo Alvarez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Think Your New ACT Writing Score Is Wrong Recent Issues, Explained

Think Your New ACT Writing Score Is Wrong Recent Issues, Explained SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you took the ACT with Writing in September, October, or December of 2015, you may have been taken by surprise by the change in the essay prompt (compared to previous ACT Writing tests). And when you got your scores back...well, you may have been even more confused. While the change in the ACT essay format was announced ahead of time, the full explanation of how the Writing scores would be normalized was not made clear until after the first administration of the new ACT Writing test. Because of this, ACT, Inc. faceda bit of controversy about the scoring of the new Writing test.Now they've returned to a 12-point scoring scale, with a more transparent calculation system. Read on to learn what all this means for you. feature image credit: Shock and Awe by Pascal. Public domain. Some Quick Background Information Saturday, September 12, 2015 was the first worldwide administration of the new ACT Writing Test. The changes to the essay included a completely different assignment, a different scoring system (essay scores range from 1-36 instead of 2-12), and a different amount of time for the essay (40 minutes instead of 30). These parameters were made publicly available beforehand (although they were not perhaps publicized as widely as they could have been), so while some students didn’t realize the test was changing, that part wasn't entirely ACT, Inc.'s fault. Deadline Drama Many students applying early decision or early action to schools had thought that taking the September ACT would leave plenty of time for their scores to be ready before those November 1st Early Decision or Early Action deadlines. After all, in the past, multiple choice scores had been released by a couple of weeks after the test date, and Writing scores by a couple of weeks after that. Even though ACT, Inc. gave its standard caution that scores could take as much as 8 weeks, most students expected (reasonably) that their scores would be in and sent to colleges well before the ED/EA deadlines. It rapidly became apparent, however, that scoring the Writing tests was taking longer than usual, presumably because of the new scoring for the new Writing test. On October 14th (about one month after the September 12th test date), one student complained: "My writing score isn't up yet, even though I got my multiple choice scores 2 weeks ago. This is so frustrating." Six days later, students and parents alike were starting to get nervous. As one parent wrote, "...apparently most people who took the September 12th test have still not received their complete scores, which is putting some ED applications in jeopardy. (I have a niece in this situation.)" The concern students were feeling about not having their Writing scores back rapidly snowballed when it was realized that, if you take the ACT with Writing, ACT, Inc. won't send out your score report at all until your essay has been graded. This meant that if your essay wasn’t graded before the end of October (or before October 15th, in the case of some ED/EA deadlines), whatever school(s) you were applying to wouldn’t even get to see your multiple choice scores on English, Math, Reading, and Science for the September ACT. Soon, the frenzy about the delay in Writing scores spread beyond (mainly student-populated) forums to online news sites. As Examiner.com reported: So far, ACT has refused to support students affected by the absence of Writing scores by sending colleges official score reports minus the Writing score for those needing these results for early consideration. No reason has been provided, only an indication that it’s not the policy of ACT to send partial results. This policy made many students and parents less than happy with ACT, Inc. â€Å"Still no writing score. As many of you, cannot get scores out without writing. We reached out to some colleges to let them know that an updated score would be coming. Very disappointing, as ACT released the MC choice later than expected (states on their website "most" score are released within 2 weeks.... So of course they did not release the MC scores timely, and then once again, falsely state that the writing score would be available 14 days after MC scores are released again, did not occur. So, same story as you all and then of course those who still have not even received your MC scores my heart goes out to you... Bottom line - ACT needs to revise their processes, it's just not working well or fairly.† (source: College Confidential) Most likely as a result of the outcry from students and parents, ACT, Inc. reached out to schools in October to notify them of the issue with the delay in score release. Inside Higher Ed reported that ACT, Inc. had sent an email to the National Association of College Admission Counseling urging colleges to allow screenshots of multiple-choice scores from the September ACT as a stopgap measure. While many students were unhappy with the score delay, however, it was clear that ACT, Inc. was still within the timeframe it had set out for itself for grading the essays. As another College Confidential poster wrote: "There is no "fiasco". When we signed up for the Sept. test, the website very clearly stated what bluebayou posted above. This means that some people will not have their complete score report until after Nov. 1, since 8 weeks after Sept. 12 is clearly after Nov. 1. D has received all of her scores, including writing, as of last week. But we went in knowing that they might be late enough that she'd miss an EA date or two. I don't know why it's shocking to people that ACT is releasing scores exactly as the website says it will." Because of the scoring issues in September, when students asked if the December ACT with Writing scores would be available by January, I advised that the answer was probably NO. The Plot Thickens So...some students thought they’d be able to squeeze in one more ACT before early decision/early action deadlines, but it turns out they were wrong. So what? Well, the ACT Writing scoring saga doesn’t stop there. When students finally did get their scores back, confusion still abounded over how exactly these scores were reached. Students who were used to getting in the 30s on all the other sections of the ACT found that they were getting essay scores in the low 20s on the Writing section. One student posted on Reddit: â€Å"I was really disappointed that I got a 20 on writing but 32 composite.. I pretty much can't send this score anymore.† For students who didn’t know there was a new prompt, or who have difficulty writing under pressure, low Writing scores weren't all that surprising. But some students soon realized that there seemed to be a disconnect between their writing subscores and their overall essay scores. As another confused student put it: â€Å"I received a 9 on all subscores for Writing, but my score came out to a 24. Is this correct on ACT's part, or is there a scoring error† It seemed that the Writing scores on, for instance, the September 2015 ACT were equated differently from how ACT, Inc. had announced they'd be scored. For instance, one commenter on our blog received 11/12 on all four subscores but a 31/36 for her ACT Writing score, whereas the Preparing for the ACT 2015-2016 PDF indicated that 11/12 on all four subscores should result in a 34/36 Writing score. Another student on a different site noted this same issue, writing: â€Å"†¦what's also weird is that the curve for the writing section changes for each administration. So, 11/11/11/11 may be a 31 on one test (like the September one) and a 34 on a different test (the 2015-2016 Official Practice Test). It seems odd that there isn't a uniform curve for the writing section. How is one prompt harder than another prompt?† Was ACT, Inc. changing how the Writing test was scored from test to test? If so, it hadn't made that fact clear beforehand. Still other students saw a precipitous drop in their essay scores from one administration of the new Writing test to the next. One angry student wrote: â€Å"I literally just got my Dec 12th test back, and my composite is a whopping 35, but my writing score is 09. This is extremely peculiar, because the last two times I took the test, my writing scores were 34 and 35, respectively, and if anything, I only IMPROVED during my most recent attempt. Clearly my writing booklet has been mixed up with someone else's, because this is not only an inaccurate measure of my abilities, but a clear CLERICAL error.† What Happened? Why the huge issues with scoring for ACT Writing? Why were normally 32+ composite scoring students getting single-digit scores on the ACT Writing? I believe that there were a couple of reasons that things went so wrong. 1. Grading Error Every time the ACT is administered, a few tests are graded incorrectly. Whether the wrong score report gets sent out, or the scanner read a â€Å"7† instead of a â€Å"27,† or you didn't fill in your multiple choice answers darkly enough†¦these things happen. The fraction of students who are affected by these errors is so small that it’s normally not an issue. In addition, any scoring errors on the previous ACT Writing test might not have been as noticeable, since there were smaller gaps between the score points. It was conceivable that you could go from a 11/12 on a good day to a 6/12 on a not-so-great day. However, the September and December ACT administrations were critical for early and regular admissions deadlines, which made students hyper-conscious of any unusual blips in their scores. Add that to the change in scoring method, and there were just more people complaining about oddly low scores than usual. 2. Norming Error ACT, Inc. did finally release a concordance chart for the new ACT writing test in late September. This chart explains how the current system of ACT Writing scoring and the old system are linked. Basically, ACT, Inc. ran a special score concordance study where the same group of students took both essay tests. The scores for the new ACT Writing were then normalized so that the same numbers of students got scores at each new score point as they would have on the old essay (although it wasn’t necessarily the same students in each percentile). Normalizing scores like this is a little tricky because, just like when comparing the SAT and ACT, the scores aren’t on the same scale, so some extra math is required to equate the scores. Here is a copy of the chart the ACT has released comparing the previous out-of-12 Writing scores to the current out-of-36 Writing scores: Former ACT Writing Score Concordant Current ACT Writing Score 2 1 3 7 4 10 5 12 6 16 7 19 8 23 9 30 10 32 11 34 12 36 (source: ACT.org) As you can see, there are some pretty large leaps in the concordant scores, particularly between what used to be an 8/12 (both graders giving the essay 4/6) and a 9/12 (one grader giving the essay 4/6 and one giving it 5/6). Now, when you look at the ACT’s percentile ranking for the new Writing test, it’s clear that a 23/36 on the Writing still places you in the 83rd percentile, which is not too shabby. Score Writing Percentile 36 99 35 99 34 99 33 99 32 99 31 98 30 98 29 97 28 95 27 95 26 93 25 90 24 88 23 83 But as one concerned parent pointed out: â€Å"My DD also got a 35 composite and a 23 on writing. This sounds really low, but actually correlates to the 83rd percentile. But a 23 on the other sections correlate to percentiles in the 60s. So when colleges see a 23, will they also see the 83rd percentile, or will they assume it's much worse than it is?† And as ACT, Inc. itself admitted in a January 2016 report, "A casual observer may assume that a student who received a score of 32 on ACT English, ACT Composite, and ACT writing demonstrated consistent performance, but that would be incorrect." To explain why, we need to look at the percentile ranks for all the sections, side by side. I've combined the most recent information ACT, Inc. has released for the Writing scores and for composite and section scores in the below chart: Score (/36) Composite Percentile English Percentile Math Percentile Reading Percentile Science Percentile Writing Percentile 36 99 99 99 99 99 99 35 99 99 99 99 99 99 34 99 98 99 98 99 99 33 99 97 98 97 98 99 32 98 95 97 95 97 99 31 96 93 96 92 96 98 30 95 92 95 89 95 98 29 92 90 93 86 94 97 28 90 88 91 84 92 95 27 87 85 88 81 90 95 26 83 82 84 78 87 93 25 79 79 78 75 83 90 24 74 74 73 71 77 88 23 68 69 67 66 70 83 For a refresher what percentiles rankings mean, read our guide to percentiles and score ranking on the ACT. As you can see, there is a pretty big discrepancy between a 23 on the Writing (which places you at or above 83 percent of all test takers) and a 23 on any of the other sections (which only places you at or above 66-70 percent of all test takers). Here's a graph that illustrates this contrast even further: (source: ACT.org) That jagged purple line to the left, lagging behind all the other section scores? That's the Writing scores for the September and October 2015 ACT. Because of this discrepancy, ACT, Inc. warns against comparing scores on the Writing test directy to scores on the other sections of the ACT. Quoted verbatim: "However, the new writing test combines the four domain scores, which are also reported to students, into an overall summary score on the 1–36 scale, making comparisons with other scores much more tempting. Perhaps too tempting!" What’s particularly weird is ACT, Inc.'s explanation of this scoring difference. In the same article in which the graph appears, the writers stated that it made sense that there was more variation in writing scores because it was just one question. True enough, but the rest of their explanation left me baffled: "Therefore, the writing test does have significantly greater variation than other scores because it is a single task, evaluated by raters using a 6-point interval scale, while other ACT tests are comprised of 40 to 75 questions." One of the big changes with the new ACT essay is that the essay graders aren’t giving essays a holistic score any more - two graders are giving each essay four domain scores out of six, for total domain scores out of twelve. Which means that the essay is really evaluated out of a 48 point raw score - not entirely dissimilar to the rest of the sections. So where does the score out of 36 come from? How is it being equated from the sum of the domain scores (which would be out of 48)? Well, according to ACT, Inc.: "The new writing scale score (1–36) is a nonlinear transformation of the sum of the two 1–to–6 rater scores on four domain scores (8–48)." But while ACT, Inc. released a preliminary chart for how this would work for the Preparing for the ACT 2015-2016 practice test, it appears, as I noted earlier, that the equating may be changing from test to test. Alas, it does not appear that a copy of the equating chart is sent out with the score report, so students have no way of knowing how the score out of 36 was arrived at. Without transparency about the process, it’s understandable why some students are confused and upset. Lifeless Face #038, by Nottsexminer, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Cropped and resized from original. This hinge is just as upset as you. If not more so! Look at that face. UPDATE: More Changes to ACT Writing Ahead Just one year after ACT, Inc. completely overhauled the ACT Writing test, the scoring for the test is changing yet again. As of September 2016, the ACT Writing Test will no longer be scored on a scale of 1-36. Instead, students will receive a Writing score on a scale of 2-12 that is the average of all four of their domain scores (Ideas Analysis, Development Support, Organization, and Language Use), which are also each scored on a scale of 2-12. In addition, there are some "minor changes" to the wording of the prompt that removed the necessity of discussing all three perspectives in your essay. Here's a look at what the ACT essay task looked like up through June 2016: Write a unified, coherent essay in which you evaluate multiple perspectives on the conflict between public health and individual freedom. In your essay, be sure to: analyze and evaluate the perspectives given state and develop your own perspective on the issue explain the relationship between your perspective and those given Your perspective may be in full agreement with any of the others, in partial agreement, or wholly different. Whatever the case, support your ideas with logical reasoning and detailed, persuasive examples. And here's what it'll look like from September 2016 onwards. I've bolded the relevant change below. Write a unified, coherent essay about the conflict between public health and individual freedom. In your essay, be sure to: clearly state your own perspective on the issue and analyze the relationship between your perspective and at least one other perspective develop and support your ideas with reasoning and examples organize your ideas clearly and logically communicate your ideas effectively in standard written English Your perspective may be in full agreement with any of those given, in partial agreement, or completely different. ACT, Inc. announced the changes to the Writing test would go into effect September 2016 as part of ACT, Inc.’s effort to â€Å"reduce confusion among users.† As stated in both the official press release and in the FAQs about the Writing section, the reason for the scoring change was due to the larger differences between the scoring of the Writing test and the English, Math, Reading, and Science subject scores. "Students assumed that the scores on the 1-36 scale meant the same thing from one subject test to another. We recognize that this is a logical assumption, but it is not a correct assumption" (source: ACT Writing FAQs). The formal announcement of the changes to the ACT Writing test scoring occurred June 28, 2016; however, these changes didn’t come entirely out of nowhere. We at PrepScholar first noticed something odd when reading through the newly-released â€Å"Preparing for the ACT 2016-2017† PDF in mid-June 2016. Here's what it says on page 8, under the discussion of the ACT Writing Test: You will receive a total of five scores for this test: a single subject-level writing score reported on a scale of 2–12, and four domain scores based on an analytic scoring rubric. The four domain scores are: Ideas and Analysis, Development and Support, Organization, and Language Use and Conventions. Note: The subject score is the rounded average of the four domain scores. On page 62, further information was given on how to calculate your ACT Writing score for the practice test included in the PDF: So other than Step 2 (which on the real ACT will involve adding the two essay graders' scores on each rubric area together, rather than just multiplying each area score by two), this domain-score-averaging process is how the ACT Writing test will be scored starting September 2016. What Does This Mean For You? At this point, many colleges are aware of the issues ACT, Inc. had with the score release of the new ACT Writing. As Boston College states on its admissions website, "ACT has notified us that delivery of scores this year will be delayed due to their implementation of an enhanced design to the Writing portion of the test.† Plus, by now most college application deadlines for Fall 2016 have passed, so whether or not the scores were released in time is kind of a moot point. But what if you're applying to colleges next year, or are still worried about a low Writing score? What can you do about it? Option 1: Order Hand-Scoring Some students have resorted to ordering hand-scoring for their essays to see if it affects their scores (since ACT will only send colleges the new score if it is higher). In the case of at least one student, this was a success – the re-score took a Writing score of 22 (80th percentile) up to a 28 (95th percentile). Because hand-scoring for the essay is so expensive ($50.00), it might only be worth doing if you believe that you really did receive someone else’s scores in error (i.e. if your Writing score is 6 points different from what you expected), or if the subscores don’t seem to correlate to your writing score out of 36 (e.g. subscores of all 10s, writing score of 11/36). Unfortunately, this means that some students will be at a disadvantage, because fee waivers do not apply to hand-scoring. You do get refunded the fee if a scoring error is found, but the initial investment of $50 may still be something that economically disadvantaged students don’t want to risk (if there is no score difference). Option 2: Re-take ACT Writing in September 2016 In other cases, it might be worth taking the September or October ACTs in order to get an essay score on the more-familiar (to admissions officers) 12 point scale. I would strongly urge against depending on either of these test dates if you're applying early decision or early action for most schools, given the score reporting delays that were rampant last year. If you're applying regular decision, though, taking the September or October ACT Writing test could have a positive affect on your application, since a lower Writing score won't look quite as discrepant against the rest of your ACT scores. Now that ACT Writing is scored out of 12, rather than also being out of 36, schools will be less likely to compare your Writing score directly to your ACT English, Math, Reading, Science, and composite scores, and give a sideeye to any huge discrepancies. Option 3: Wait It Out For many students, however, the lower-than-expected writing scores are just a byproduct of the way the new ACT Writing section is normed. Take heart, though – many schools already view standardized test essays with a skeptical eye. As the National Council of Teachers of English has noted, â€Å"With respect to writing ability, the ACT's figures indicate at best that students who do well on the test can perform the writing tasks required on the test.† It's unlikely that the ACT's updated September 2016 scoring system is going to do anything to dispel this skeptical attitude. With the SAT essay becoming optional as of March 2016, it’s likely that fewer and fewer schools will care about the Writing section at all. And if you’re really worried about a low ACT Writing score, make sure to blow admissions officers away with a great personal statement to showcase your real writing skills. What Should You Do Now? If you want to retake the ACT to increase your Writing score, you'll need to make sure you completely understand the new prompts, what the rubric looks like, and how scoring works. Definitely make sure to check out our articles on how to get a perfect score on the ACT essay and how to write an ACT essay, step by step. Are you within three months of the date you took the ACT and want to get your essay re-scored? You're in luck! Find out all about how hand-scoring works here. Curious about what the difference is between test information release and hand scoring? Get the details on what TIR is and why you might want to order it in this article. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get your ACT essays hand-graded by a master instructor who will give you customized feedback on how you can improve. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

My Code of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My Code of Ethics - Essay Example With that, if every child is educated well, the school needs to be sure that there are protections and alternatives to risky behaviors available to our children. Gorman stated in the speech (2006), "There is no single magic answer to the social and academic challenges that our students face. The solution instead lies within each of us in this community - it is up to us to be involved in our schools, to teach our children the importance and the value of education and to make sure they achieve at the highest level possible. To raise our achievement levels, CMS needs help from every member of this community" (Speech for the Greater Enrichment Program, 2006). In today's modern society, schools are sometimes forced to leave some children behind. However, for some multicultural students, the noble idea of not leaving a child behind has not yet been taken seriously with the general public and a lot of educational systems. This is why it is very important in my code of ethics for parents to be involved.  Ã‚   and learn differently from one another, in my code of ethics, parents should be brought into the learning process so that every child can learn the same way even though they will process it in a different. If school systems would accept this concept of diversity in learning, there would be no feeling of failure for the no child left behind program.Things such as the abovementioned only form the apparentness and literalness of the behavior of American students. Because of their differing backgrounds and despite their oneness when it comes to opinionating, the ways in which they were brought up surely play the most significant factor on why they are who they are (Khramtsova and Saarnio 2007). Their behaviors are correlated with all the attributes they and their backgrounds possess. One such example is the success. A student in an American classroom can correlate his depression and be antisocial with the way he is performing academically. And also, lest it is forgotten, the behavior of American students inside the classroom depends somewhat upon their relationships with professors and faculty, because, after all, they are the ones who teach the subject and interact with students (Sorcinelli 1995).

Safe Guarding Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Safe Guarding Children - Essay Example Sometimes, issues of safety of the child arise, and thus they cannot be raised by their natural parents. In such cases, the children’s Act also made provision for children to be cared for by the local authorities (Great Britain: Department of Health, 2003). The Act goes as far as spelling out the various responsibilities that the local authorities will then have towards the children in their care. A revision of the Children’s Act, 1994, enhanced the Act by giving a legal basis for the program known as ‘Every Child Matters’, which is a government initiative (Baginsky, 2008). This review of the Children’s Act totally changed how the children’s services were formed and organised in the United Kingdom, and affected the formation of Children's Trusts. The basic policy guidance of the Children’s Act involves the non-statutory and statutory directions enclosed in the ‘Working Together to Safeguard Children’ program. This agenda, w hich was launched in 1999, and reviewed in the years 2006 and 2010, clarifies how individuals as well as children’s organisations should work jointly to protect children’s welfare according to the stipulations of the relevant legislation (Barlow and Scott, 2010). The new draft of the Children’s Act has three different documents which address: Working in concert to protect the rights of children: This is a draft that explains what actions children’s organisations are expected to take whether working alone or mutually with each other, in advancing the rights of children and protecting them Overseeing individual cases: This gives the outline for the evaluation of the cases of children in need as well as their families Statutory leadership in learning and development: This addresses the suggested arrangements for the review of Serious Cases of suspected child abuse (Corby, 2006). It also handles examinations of child deaths and other learning procedures that are directed by the Local Safeguarding Children Organisations. Emerging Theories on Child Abuse Many researchers have carried out numerous studies on the problem of child abuse in the past. These numerous researches have produced theories that seek to address the reason why child abuse takes place. The most recent of these theories are: The Social Learning Theory: This concept stresses the notion of the 'cycle of violence'. According to this premise, behaviour or human conduct is learned in two ways:Â   Either by a person being rewarded for his or her actions, which is also known as instrumental learning Or by a person watching and copying the behaviour of people around him or her A number of researchers presume that mistreated children learn to mistreat others through these two ways, and exhibit the same violent characteristics in adulthood. This sequence of learned aggression is usually identified as the intergenerational spread of violence or the ‘cycle of violence’ . The extensive function of the theory of the cycle of violence, however, has been challenged. This is due to the fact that approximately 20-30% of victims of child abuse become abusers who regularly exhibit criminal behaviour in adulthood (Howe, 2005). Staged interventions that are carried out on the basis of the social learning theory usually have the aim of putting an end to all existing forms of abuse, as well as checking any child abuse in the

Reactants Lab Essay Example for Free

Reactants Lab Essay Aspect 1: Problem: What type of chemical reactions occurs when different reactants are mixed? Variables: Manipulated: Combination of reactants Responding: Type of Chemical Reaction Controlled: 1. Same amount of reactants used (1 piece for solids, 4 drops for liquids) 2. Spot plate is washed before reactants are mixed 3. Same amount of time substance is allowed for chemical reaction to occur (15s) 4. Because data is qualitative, observations will be made by the same person. Aspect 2: Controlling Variables: The same amount of reactants being used will be controlled by using the same amount of reactants in each reaction (1 piece for solids, 4 drops for liquids). Spot plate will be washed before each chemical reaction (using the water from the squeeze bottle) to ensure no residue is left from previous reaction. Observations will be made 15 seconds after the chemical raction. Time will be kept using a watch. The same person will make qualitative observations, to ensure that observations are kept consistent. Aspect 3: Materials: Spot Plate Forceps Squeeze Bottle filled with water Toothpick List of Reactants Fig. 1.1 Reactant Chemical Formula aluminum (s) Al (s) copper (II) chloride (aq) CuCl2 (aq) barium hydroxide (aq) Ba(OH)2 (aq) sulphuric acid (aq) H2SO4 (aq) chlorine (aq) Cl2 (aq) sodium bromide (aq) NaBr (aq) zinc (s) Zn (s) copper (II) sulphate (aq) CuSO4 (aq) hydrochloric acid (aq) HCl (aq) magnesium hydroxide (aq) Mg(OH)2 (aq) calcium chloride (aq) CaCl2 (aq) sodium carbonate (aq) Na2CO3 (aq) calcium (s) Ca (s) water (l) H2O (l) sodium acetate (aq) C2H3NaO2 (aq) magnesium (s) Mg (s) sodium hydroxide (aq) NaOH (aq) cobalt chloride (aq) CoCl2 (aq) List of Chemical Reactions Fig. 1.2 Reactant 1 Reactant 2 sulphuric acid (aq) barium hydroxide (aq) hydrochloric acid (aq) magnesium hydroxide (aq) calcium (s) water (l) hydrochloric acid (aq) sodium acetate (aq zinc (s) copper (II) sulphate (aq) cobalt chloride (aq) sodium hydroxide (aq) magnesium (s) hydrochloric acid (aq) sodium bromide (aq) chlorine (aq) aluminum (s) copper (II) chloride (aq) Procedure: 1. Wash spot plate thoroughly with water from squeeze bottle. 2. Choose a combination of reactants from Fig. 1.1 3. Write down physical properties of reactants. 4. Mix reactants. Record observations. 5. Wash spot plate thoroughly, making sure reactants fall into a waste bucket. 6. Repeat steps 1-4 using all the other combinations Data Collection and Processing (DCP) Aspect 1: Observation Chart of Chemical Reactions Fig. 1.3 Reactant 1 Chemical Formula Reactant 2 Chemical Formula Pr-reaction observation Post-reaction observation sulphuric acid (aq) H2SO4 (aq) barium hydroxide (aq) Ba(OH)2 (aq) Two transparent liquids Milky-white substance. Gas bubbles form. hydrochloric acid (aq) HCl (aq) magnesium hydroxide (aq) Mg(OH)2 (aq) Transparent liquids Transparent liquid hydrochloric acid (aq) HCl (aq) sodium acetate (aq) C2H3NaO2 (aq) Transparent liquids Transparent liquid calcium (s) Ca (s) water (l) H2O (l) Flaky-white solid, and transparent liquid Calcium dissolves a bit in water. A few gas bubbles zinc (s) Zn (s) copper (II) sulphate (aq) CuSO4 (aq) Grey rocky solid, with bluish liquid Gas bubbles form on zinc cobalt chloride (aq) CoCl2 (aq) magnesium hydroxide (aq) Mg(OH)2 (aq) Red liquid and clear liquid Pinkish-purple substance. Gas bubbles form magnesium (s) Mg (s) hydrochloric acid (aq) HCl (aq) Silver, lustrous metal and transparent liquid Gas bubbles form on magnesium sodium bromide (aq) NaBr (aq) chlorine (aq) Cl2 (aq) Transparent liquids Transparent liquid aluminum (s) Al (s) copper (II) chloride (aq) CuCl2 (aq) Lustrous rock and blue liquid Gas bubbles form on aluminum Aspect 2: Processing Data Chemical Reactants and Products Equations Balanced H2SO4(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2HO2(l)(Double Replacement Reaction) Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl2 (s) + 2H2O (l)(Neutralization Reaction) NaC2H3O2 (aq) + HCl (aq) HC2H3O2 (aq) + NaCl (aq) (Double Replacement Reaction) Ca (s) + 2HOH (l) Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2(g)(Single Replacement Reaction) CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)(Single Replacement Reaction) CoCl2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) 2 NaCl (aq) + Co(OH)2 (aq)(Double Replacement Reaction) Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (s)(Single Replacement Reaction) Cl2 (aq) + 2NaBr (aq) 2NaCl (aq) + Br2 (l) (Single Replacement Reaction) 2Al (s) + 3CuCl2 (aq) 2AlCl3 (aq) + 3Cu (s) (Single Replacement Reaction) Aspect 3: Reactants, Products, and Types of Reaction Chart Reactant 1 Reactant 2 Product Type of Reaction H2SO4(aq) Ba(OH)2(aq) BaSO4(s) + HO2(l) Double Replacement Mg(OH)2 (s) HCl (aq) MgCl2 (s) + H2O (l) Neutralization Reaction NaC2H3O2 (aq) HCl (aq) HC2H3O2 (aq) + NaCl (aq) Double Replacement Ca (s) HOH (l) Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2(g) Single Replacement CuSO4 (aq) Zn (s) ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s) Single Replacement CoCl2 (aq) NaOH (aq NaCl (aq) + Co(OH)2 (aq) Double Replacement Mg (s) HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (s) Single Replacement Cl2 (aq) NaBr (aq) 2NaCl (aq) + Br2 (l) Single Replacement Al (s) CuCl2 (aq) AlCl3 (aq) + Cu (s) Single Replacement Conclusion and Evaluation (CE) Aspect 1: Conclusion: In this experiment we discovered three types of chemical reactions, Single and Double Replacement reactions, along with Neutralization Reaction. Referring to Data in Aspect 2 3 of Data Collection and Processing, we can see there were 5 single replacement reactions, and 4 double replacement reactions (one of which was a neutralization reaction). The reactions involving an element and a compound were all single replacement reactions, and the reaction involving two compounds were double replacements (which included a neutralization reaction). Aspect 2: Evaluate the Procedure: A problem with this procedure is that it doesnt explore all types of chemical reactions. Also, try as one may, it is sometimes difficult to get the residue of a substance off the spot plate. This tampers with results. Aspect 3 Improving Experimental Design: A few more reactions should be added where simple composition and decomposition are shown. Also, using the Bunsen burner, a reaction should be added where hydrocarbon combustion is shown. Disposable spot plates should be used, to ensure that residue left by previous reactants and reactions, do not tamper with results.

The Effects Of Video Game Violence On Human Aggression Essay -- Violen

Throughout a number of recent studies, participants playing violent video games have consistently shown increases in their aggressive behavior, both during and after the gameplay. A study that linked violent video games to child aggression found that in every group they tested, â€Å"Children who were exposed to more video game violence did become more aggressive over time than their peers who had less exposure† (Harding 1). An increase in aggressive behavior after playing violent video games is quite common in most cases, although many gamers would argue that other factors, such as people’s emotions, cause this negative change in behavior. This reveals numerous questions surrounding the effects that video game violence might have on a person. â€Å"Will a high degree of violent content in a video game mean that the frequent user will exhibit a greater degree of aggression and violent towards others in their daily lives?† (Janushewski & Truong 1). †Å"Playing violent video games not only causes an increase in antisocial behavior but also leads to a decrease in prosocial behavior† (Greitemeyer, Osswald 212). â€Å"Aggressive behavior is defined as intentional behavior produced to cause physical harm or humiliation to another person who wishes to avoid the harm (Baron & Richardson, 1994). Social science has come to understand aggression as mainly socially learned (Bandura, 1965; Bandura Ross, & Ross, 1961)† (Ferguson 70). â€Å"Anderson et al. (2010) found that video game violence can cause a significant increase in aggressive behavior in the short run, after playing a game once, and in the long run, after consistently playing† (Rowell 180). Increased behavioral aggression in the short run due to video game violence appears to be inevitable, ... ... 6, 2011, from http://articles.cnn.com/2008-11-03/health/healthmag.violent.video.kids_1_violent-video-video-games-game-genres/2?_s=PM:HEALTH Janushewski, D, Truong, M. (1999). Video games and violence. Socserv.mcmaster.ca. Retrieved April 6, 2011, from . Jeroen, L, M.Sc., J., Bushman, &, A. Konijn. (2006). Rapid communication: The appeal of violent video games to lower educated aggressive adolescent boys from two countries. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(5), 638-641. Rowell, H. (2010). Nailing the coffin shut on doubts that violent video games stimulate aggression: Comments on Anderson et al. Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 179-181. Williams, K. (2005). The effects of frustration, violence, and trait hostility after playing a video game. Mass Communication and Society, 12, 291-310.

Evaluate How Effective Sand Play Was Essay

When given the choice of seven activities all three of the children, aged two years old, went straight for the sandpit to draw letters in the sand with thick and long sticks. The children doing the activity love to draw by making shapes and different movements with a variety of implements, for example paint, colouring pencils or chalk, which is similar to writing in the sand in many different ways. This means spelling out the letters in the sand can be used as a way of stimulating interest in writing. Whilst spelling letters in the sand pit the children were developing in many different ways. In terms of personal, social and emotional development the children were all confident to try a new activity, initiated ideas about the sand and made links to the beach and all spoke happily in the small group. Whilst I was instructing the children as to what we would be doing they sat quietly, maintained concentration and attention. They then took off their shoes and socks independently, demonstrating they can manage their own personal hygiene by undressing. One child in particular was very keep to be shown how to draw the letters and showed a real interest to learn. It also enabled me to continue building a good relationship with the children. In terms of physical development it gave the children to use a range of small and large equipment, mainly a variety of sized sticks. The children were handling the sticks and other objects safely and with increased control. In terms of communication, language and speech development the children used language to imagine and recreate experiences, ideas and feelings they had that related to sand. They were not very good at taking it turns in conversation, which made it challenging to have group conversations. By doing this sort of activity enabled the children to extend their vocabulary, exploring the meanings and sounds of new words as a group. In terms of literacy development this activity gave the children the opportunity to use familiar and common words whilst developing their writing skills by drawing out the different letters. With one child I was supporting them whilst writing their own name. By the end of the activity they were all using a pencil and holding it effectively to form recognisable letters. In terms of numeracy, the children were drawing a variety of shapes in the sand which allowed me to use new words with them to further develop their vocabulary. I  also used everyday words to help reinforce their existing vocabulary in a new context. In terms of arts and design development the children got to explore a different texture and produced a variety of shapes where there was space in the sand. They also responded in a variety of ways to what they saw, heard and felt. In terms of understanding of the world the children used their senses to investigate objects and materials by used. The children also constructed letters with an object and adapted their work where necessary. As demonstrated the children were extending their learning and development throughout the activity in all seven developmental areas. They also all demonstrated their enjoyment during the activity by smiling, laughing, talking and happily asking questions. It is important when planning and co-ordinating an activity your expectations are of the right level to encourage the child to achievement. If you do not expect enough, children rarely complain. However, they underperform and lose confidence in their abilities to achieve. They show symptoms of anger, anxiety, and depression. Although differing abilities and learning styles in children cannot be ignored, children may achieve more and fulfil adults’ expectations if more is expected of them. High standards can be effective motivators. Furthermore, by having too higher expectations can also cause problems for children. Highly competitive goals that feel impossible to achieve can cause children to procrastinate, give up, feel stressed, and show the same symptoms of anger, anxiety, and depression. Of course, that does not mean they are unable to achieve those expectations; it only means that they do not believe they can. They feel pressured, which is important to avoid. However, the children involved in the sandpit activities expectations and achievements have been reached without putting pressure on them. All children that were involved worked at their own speed. The children were able to work together and respecting each other’s work. The children also explored the materials and tools and figured out by themselves what they could do with them. I feel it is important not to put the children under pressure so they are achieving what you want them to as it maybe too early for some children’s developmental rate, let them work at their own pace so they will achieve what they are able when they are able. However, as I was planning all seven activities based on the children’s age and had used their learning journals, previous observations and evaluations and previous  planning sheets and evaluations I was sure that all the children would enjoy any one of the activities and be able to do it at their own pace to get the most out of it developmentally.