Analysis the Motorbike Market in Vietnam

Vietnam by motorbike take 61% of the total and by 4 times comparing with people who use car as main vehicle. Thus, motorbike market is an important part of Vietnam economy and considerable contribution to economic growth in recent years of Vietnam. Therefore, in this report are going to analyze the Motorbike market in Vietnam in both aspects: microeconomic and macroeconomic and bring out some conclusion about this market. Microeconomics: In this section, it will be analyzed into three elements such as demand, supply and price. Demand of consumer: In recent years, the demand of motorbike always grows up.According to the Vietnam Registry Department, until a half of 2011 Vietnam has about 17 million registration motorbikes and became one of countries has the ratio of people who use motorbike highest on the world. Table 2: Number of motorbike was registered Source: Vietnam Registry Department, 2010 Following above table, it can be seen that number of registered motorbike is increasing dr amatically year by year. In 2006, Vietnam had 1. 5 million of motorbikes but 5 year later this figure increased twice with 3 million motorbikes in 2010.These figures are shown that demand of Vietnamese people in buying motorbike very large ND this Is a complex market for Investors to Invest their capital as well as extend production. The main reason leaded to growing up of motorbike is reduced price of this product. For example, 10 years ago, a Honda dream motorbike was 30 million VEND (equivalent 2,000 USED at the same time), however after 5 year Honda was opened a industry in Vietnam and now price of a Honda motorbike is just from 10 million VEND (equivalent KUDUS at the present time). Price of produce changes, therefore demand of consumers change too.On the other hand, the second factor making demand of consumer raise Is national Income. According to General Statistics Offer, average per capita income in 2010 was approximately 1000 SAID, increasing 2. 5 times compare with income in 2004. Slogan (2010) is mentioned that to normal goods when income increases, the demand about it increases. Motorbike is a normal goods. This is sigh to show that when income of people increases, their demand increase too and they will spend more money for necessary goods, such as Vietnam is one of countries where is the most of using motorbike in the world.Thus, Vietnam is a large market and more potential for motorbike brands. Honda is brand which has most of market share in motorbike market because Honda is leader of this market when they were the first production at Vietnam over 10 years ago and they are always on the top of choice of consumers. According to General Statistics Offer, until 2009 there are two industries of Honda in Vietnam and the total of productivity of those is 1. 5 million produces per year.However, in 2010 Honda has invested 70 million USED to expend these industries, and improvement productivity to 2 million produces each year. Look back on the table 2, the number of registered motorbike in 010 was 3 million produces. Therefore, Honda was taken over a half of share market of motorbike market in Vietnam. Yamaha, Suzuki, SUM, Pigging†¦ Are the rest of brands in the motorbike market. In these brands, Yamaha is the most competitor of Honda with productivity each year is 1 million produces.In first years when motorbike has Just come to Vietnam, motorbike brands have set a high price because at that time demand of consumer was increasing highly and the main reason that time was taste. In recent years, with expanding on industries of old brands and setting up new brands of domestic production makes competition violently in motorbike market. As a result, reduce price is the optimal choice of producers. Domestic brands have exposed new produces with lower price, conformity with people who have low income.Therefore, other brands must to reduce price of their produce to competitive if they do not want to lose share market. Producers emul ate reducing price make demand of consumer increasing significantly. However, at this present, the supply of producers is over than demand of consumer, making surplus through the years, so in the future the price of produce will be continue reduce. On the other hand, producers must be kept productivity stability and in next some years reduce productivity to avoid surplus by yearly.

Placebo Effect

Feda Aziz Amy Blitchok ENG 1060-0013 April 30, 2012 Placebo over Mind For years, scientists and researchers have sought to find an explanation for the placebo effect. What many scientists and researchers do not realize is that placebo or â€Å"fake medicine† has been used as early as the revolutionary period in the seventeen hundreds. The mind is a powerful organ, in which controls all our body’s functions and thoughts. Everyday functions such as breathing and walking relies heavily on the most important part of our organ: the mind.However, through the use of placebos, it is becoming clear that the mind may have an even greater influence on our daily lives, influencing our perception of well- being. The placebo, which is Latin for â€Å"to please,† is a sugar-pill that can be taken in many different forms such as injection, liquid intake or by pill. Research conducted by physicians and scientists on placebos revealed that patients who receives treatment for asthm a, irritable bowel syndromes, knee surgery and much more showed improvements and are symptom free which in turn demonstrated how mind is more powerful than the body.The Placebo effect is when the administration of some entirely harmless or inactive drug or pill seems to make people better. It can also reduce the experience of pain by blocking pain signals in the spinal cord from arriving at the brain in the first place. When patients expect a treatment to be effective, the brain area responsible for pain control is activated, causing the release of natural endorphins. The endorphins send instructions down to the spinal cord to suppress incoming pain signals and patients feel better whether or not the treatment had any direct effect.This article explained how the mind and placebo work together in sending messages from the brain to the area of pain. Other problems exist in testing placebos' effectiveness. They cannot be used in studies on life-threatening or degenerative illnesses, si nce taking an inactive treatment rather than a real one could do patients real harm. Tests in which patients know they may be taking placebos show different results from tests in which they are given only a drug.Patients have been shown to react less to real medicine if they know there is a fifty percent chance they are actually getting sugar pills (Amaral) . Very few doctors are this open about prescribing placebos, but most of them do not outright lie to their patients, either. In general, doctors who prescribe placebos often say that they have something that they believe can help, but they do not know exactly how it will work, either. Supporters of the use of placebos point out that this is not lying; placebos are known to be beneficial in some cases.The American Medical Association (AMA) policy suggests that doctors could explain the placebo effect to their patients and receive consent to prescribe them in the course of treating any illness. This way, the patients don't know exa ctly when they might be prescribed a placebo and they could still benefit from the placebo effect (â€Å"http://www. ama-assn. org/†). The Placebo effect refers to the situation where patients feel better after taking a medication even if the drug is ineffective. A study proved the effectiveness of placebo medicine in patients diagnosed with heart failure.When given the placebo to heart failure patients and they took it whole heartedly and faithfully they showed a thirty four percent decrease in death rate. The researchers are unsure about the results but some theories are; mind is as powerful as any organ in the body. People who took their placebo faithfully, and believe it would help, may actually have gotten real help. Also patients who have heart failure have to exercise and cut salt intake so that may have had an important role in the placebo succeeding (Amaral). The placebo effect is a powerful effect that can consistently induce a perceived benefit.Once the placebo was identified as a valid medication able to create a response, such as becoming symptom free, became more widely used as a control in clinical trials. As a result, the placebo effect has been extensively studied throughout history. In a study; four groups of asthma patients were given albuterol inhalers, placebo inhalers, sham acupuncture, or no treatment. When the researchers tested the patients' lung function, the albuterol, a standard treatment for asthma, showed improvement, whereas the placebos had no effect. On the contrary, half of those who used the albuterol reported feeling better.But so did nearly half of those who got the placebo inhaler or the sham acupuncture. Doctors may not fully understand the cause of it but what they do know is two inert pills can work better than one, colorful inert pills can work better than plain ones, and injections can work better than pills (Bates). The perception of the benefits was recognized due to the perceptions of the mind, and not to th e ingredients that makes up the fake treatment. The placebo effect shows us that the mind heavily influences our perceptions of wellness and health.The placebo was also used during the Civil War; nurses often ran out of medicine, in order to keep the soldiers moving they injected them with saltwater, and believed it was morphine. Many scientists began wondering how the solider can feel better and become symptom free without taking the actual morphine. Thus, the scientists came to the conclusion that before simply thinking you can feel better you actually will. However, there is the nocebo effect in which the opposite occurs. A patient thinks he will feel bad, and he then will feel symptoms and pain.Also when a doctor proclaims that the medicine will cause symptoms or pain, the patient is more likely to feel the symptoms (Cloud). While the mind may be labeled as an organ easily fooled by placebos, whose benefit has no physical basis, it is clear that the mind may have an even greater role in behavior. Throughout the world, it is widely believed that the placebo effect simply is of random chance or it temporarily works on symptoms or diseases. To prove the skeptics wrong, a test was conducted with one hundred and eight patients that were divided in half.Half of them received arthroscopy knee surgery, and the other half received fake knee surgery. Arthroscopy knee surgery requires only three tiny incisions through the skin and the fake surgery received a small cut on their knee. The results were astonishing placebo surgery turned out to be just as effective as real surgery. Many people think it is irrational to be cured by fake medicine, but the truth is patients who were successfully healed by fake surgery were in fact healed by the power of their own minds (Easton).Placebos can no longer be thought of as a blind fold covering the eyes. These sugar pills induce the mind to create a very real and physical response that may be specific to the placebo; as a result, use of a placebo can become a very seductive treatment option for many. With the ongoing use of placebos, both as a control, and potentially as an alternative treatment, several issues emerge: Such as if the placebo is ethical or not. Furthermore, can it be guaranteed that placebos will generate a safe, and effective, result.While these pills may seem nonthreatening by being less active than experimental drugs, the risk for harmful and unethical consequences still does exist. Dr. Sobel ,co-author of The Healing Brain, explains â€Å"doctors spend a lot of time prescribing and giving medicine when improvement can be just by giving positive reinforcement†. Dr. Sobel also clarifies that if giving positive feedback made patients feel better then why give a placebo or sugar pill at all when you can prescribe yoga or meditation.For example when a child gets hurt, the compassionate parent would say â€Å"a kiss will make it better† and the child walks away tearless because m ommy made it feel better. Carefully, studies were conducted and on average, if you take one hundred people with certain illnesses and give them a sugar pill; about a third would be expected to improve (Friend). Some doctors believe that instead of ignoring the placebo effect, it may help to enhance it. A study was conducted in which the placebo effect worked on patients who had irritable bowel syndrome or IBS. In 2008, Harvard's Ted J.Kaptchuk wanted to treat IBS but in a safe way. He devised a fake remedy which contained fake acupuncture with no needles and plenty of soft talk. Kaptchuk experiment showed sixty-two percent of them actually got better and for the patients who had fake acupuncture and no soft talk saw a forty two percent improvement. Many mainstream medicine and drug companies try to minimize conducting clinical trials, but Kaptchuk argues that instead of minimizing they should enhance it and use placebos more often because it will lower costs of medicine and produce fewer side effects (Herper).Anesthetist, Henry Beecher, published an article on the use and effects of placebo in treatment of different diseases. Since then, many studies have shown that situations can also trigger the human mind to generate placebo effect. Kaptchuk explains that rituals of treatment activate brain areas in the same way as done by drugs. The newest neurobiological theories on placebos suggest that in some situations the appearance and rituals of treatment activate brain areas similar to when one takes drugs. So, for the drug to work, you may not need the drug at all (Marglin).Freed and his associates conducted a study examining the outcomes of forty patients, ages thirty four through seventy five, who had severe Parkinson's disease. In this study, the patients either underwent neuronal transplantation surgery or sham surgery (placebo). These patients were randomly assigned to the different groups. In the patients who underwent the sham surgery, holes were drilled i nto their skulls, but not penetrated. While all of the patients had hoped to receive this neuronal transplant, only half actually did. The rest had the placebo surgery (Amaral).Freed found that although there was no notable effect among the older patients in either transplantation or placebo surgeries, the younger transplantation recipients showed much improvement as compared with the placebo surgery group. No one from the placebo surgery group benefited from the procedure. Results were measured using the standardized scoring system of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). They measure symptoms of Parkinson's disease including mentation/mood and performance in the activities of daily living, respectively.Freed, further analyzed results for growth of transplants by using the PET scans. PET scans use nuclear medicine imaging to produce 3-dimensional color images of the functional processes within the human body. These tests all concluded that the only group that benefi ted from the study was the younger transplantation group, leaving many concerned due to the lack of improvement in their condition. Half of those in the placebo group experienced additional pain, and some experienced trauma. In addition to not benefiting from the procedure, many experienced significant pain from the placebo surgery.In this case, the mind could not be induced into generating the type of physical response that is desired from this surgery. And further, the potential for pain as well as harm are also clear in this example. It is clear that the ethics behind placebos, given that they are active substances that can induce very real physical responses need to be taken seriously. The mind is a complex organ that may not always respond in the way that we hope it will (Amaral). The placebo effect has shed great light on the complex functions of the mind. The mind has the remarkable ability to generate a physiological and real response to placebos.Furthermore, the mind can di scern a placebo from an experimental drug, as we see through the specific activation of the prefrontal cortex by the placebo. The mind has functions and capabilities that are larger than just thinking, breathing and walking. It not only controls our perception of our well-being, but may control the physicalitys of our well-being more extensively than was previously thought. While the placebo effect has yielded important information on the powers of the mind, we need to think more responsibly about the use of placebos, and the potential effects of these active stimuli on the brain.Given that placebos do activate the brain, we need to re-address our notions of these pills as inactive sugar pills. What if placebos could have the potential to affect the mind in a way that is not positive? What if placebo pills, and furthermore surgeries, could be harmful to the patient? The ethics of placebos, and the role of the mind in responding to them, should not be underestimated as we move forwar d in our studies of how the mind works. Our well-being depends on it. There are several recent studies suggesting that placebos themselves are beneficial.According to a paper presented to the American Psychological Association's (APA) 104th annual convention, the placebo effect accounts for fifty percent of improvements in depressed patients taking antidepressants. Listening to Prozac but Hearing Placebo: A Meta-Analysis of Antidepressant Medication, a controversial study done on the effectiveness of using pharmaceuticals in treatment of depression. According to another study, when placebos are given for pain management, the course of pain relief follows that of an active drug The Placebo Prescription, comprehensive non-scientific article on the placebo effect.For both the placebo and the active medicine, peak relief comes about an hour after administration. The placebo effect seems to be acknowledged, perhaps unwittingly, by most medical doctors when one considers that until recent ly prescribing antibiotics for viral colds and flus was a common practice (Ammaral. ) A patient's belief in the treatment and the placebo response are dependent upon a variety of factors. First, the patient's expectations of treatment effects clearly influence the responses.For example, a study in England was done where a hundred men were told that they were taking chemotherapy, when in actuality they were taking inactive saline solution. Twenty percent of these men lost their hair, demonstrating the power of the belief of effects of the treatment. Second, the relationship between patient and care-provider is quite important in determining treatment or placebo results. If there is a positive rapport between the two, then most often there will be a positive enthusiasm for the treatment, and therefore a positive outcome, no matter if a placebo or pharmacologic treatment was used.The friendliness, interest, sympathy, prestige, and positive attitude of the care- provider toward the pati ent and toward the treatment are associated with positive effects of placebos as well as of active treatments. For example, in a double- blind study of dental extractions, two groups were compared: the first, where the doctors knew they would administer a narcotic analgesic, a placebo, or a narcotic antagonistic and the second, where the doctors knew they would administer either a placebo or narcotic antagonist. The patients from the first group who received placebo had significantly less pain.Since the two placebo groups were only different in the doctors' knowledge of possible treatment, this knowledge must have resulted in differences in behaviors by the doctor that influenced patient responses. Third, placebos have time- effect curves and peaks, cumulative and carryover effects after end of treatment which is quite similar to those of pharmacologically active medications. For example, â€Å"when varying doses of analgesic followed by a placebo are administered, patients' placeb o responses correspond in degree of pain relief over time to their original dosage of analgesic† (Turner).In addition, dose-response effects have also been documented where two placebo pills were demonstrated to have more pronounced effects than one. In recent decades studies have confirmed the efficacy of various sham treatments in nearly all areas of medicine. Placebos have helped alleviate pain, depression, anxiety, Parkinson’s disease, inflammatory disorders and even cancer. These studies show that people’s perception of their treatment plays an important role in healing. In other words, people not only think that a drug or procedure will benefit them, but over time, they unconsciously associate the taking of medicine with relief.This essay has stated what the placebo effect is, how it will be used to care for a patient with given evidence and the restrictions of the placebo effect. Up to now medical science has not fully explained what is the cause or causes of the placebo effect. But it seems that it is the result of the patient’s expectation of an effect. The debate will continue concerning what constitutes a placebo, but whether doctors and researchers should continue to use them. Even some supporters of placebo use claim that it is such a loaded word that perhaps we should start using terms like â€Å"mind-body medicine† or â€Å"integrated healing† instead.But as long as many people believe that the placebo effect works, they're not likely to go away anytime soon. Work Cited â€Å"AMA American Medical Association. † http://www. ama-assn. org/. N. p. , 2012. Web. 29 Apr 2012. . Amaral, Julio Rocha and Renato M. E. Sabbatini. Placebo Effect The Power of the Sugar Pill. February 5,the Mysterious Placebo Effect, an article from Modern Drug Discovery Bates, Stephen. â€Å"Nothing helps: a placebo a day. † The Wilson Quarterly 35. 4 (2011): 15. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context.Web. 11 Mar. 2012. Clo ud, John. â€Å"How A Sugar Pill Can Heal (Or Hurt) You. † Time 174. 17 (2009): 59. TOPIC search. Web. 9 Mar. 2012. Easton MD â€Å"The placebo effect an amazing reality. † Sunday Star (Easton, MD) 1 Jul. 2007, Supplements HealthWise: NewsBank. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. Friend, Tim. â€Å"The placebo effect: Gauging the mind's role in healing. † USA TODAY 15 Jun. 1993, FINAL, LIFE: 6D. NewsBank. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. Herper, Matthew, and Robert Langreth. â€Å"The Nothing Cure. † Forbes 185. 5 (2010): 24. TOPICsearch. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. Marglin, Elizabeth. The PLACEBO Effect. † Natural Health 40. 5 (2010): 68-95. Health Source – Consumer Edition. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. â€Å"The Powerful Placebo. † Harvard Men's Health Watch 12. 11 (2008): 4-6. Health Source – Consumer Edition. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. â€Å"Therapeutic Placebo Effect:A Mind/Body Connection. † placeboeffect. com 10 Apr 2012 . Turner, et al, â€Å"The importance of placebo e ffects in pain treatment and research†, JAMA, 1994: http://www. ovid. med. virginia. edu/ovidweb/ovidweb. cgi

Victim support and the criminal justice system Essay

Victim support and the criminal justice system - Essay Example Previous Governmental Approaches to Victim Support Over the years, the government has created a great deal of reports on the issue of victim support particularly in relation to domestic violence. The main aim of its 2003 report stated that it was â€Å"determined to prevent domestic violence happening...and to protect and support all victims†.1 As the years have passed, governmental approaches towards victim support have recognised that victims need to be given greater access to and degrees of support, yet this has so far failed to be implemented. It is evident however that the government’s focus on making â€Å"the sentence reflect the crime†2 has caused it to place more focus on the offender’s punishment rather than the victim’s need for support. This is particularly the case in instances of domestic violence. Endless references have been made which recognise the need to support victims in order that they be given help to â€Å"rebuild their live s†,3 yet interest in and focus on this need has been sporadic and never a central aim of the government in the past. However, 2009 saw a renewed need to support women and girls who were victims of domestic violence in particular, and the government once again quoted an onslaught of promising plans and strategies to increase access to support, advice and services.4 Arguably, these were never properly implemented, or were applied in a piecemeal fashion, causing support for victims to be patchy and incomplete at best. The approach of the government has certainly not been without its critics; it has been often commented that years after plans were published, they still have yet to be properly implemented in order to provide the support that victims so evidently need.5 There is evident focus placed on the criminal justice aspect of crime, which greatly derogates attention from providing victims with the requisite support. Indeed, it is often claimed that the government has missed t he point in attempting to support victims,6 a result of its mistaken assumption that â€Å"the criminal justice system alone can deal adequately† with victims of crime.7 The reality of proposals and plans is greatly different from the theoretical promises of those plans; funds have been pumped into arresting offenders while victim support services took a step back due to lack of funding and importance. For example, despite research proving that refuges for victims has a major positive effect, minimal funding was assigned to the creation and maintenance of refuges for victims of domestic violence in particular.8 There is blinding evidence that funding has been improperly directed towards offenders rather than victims; promises to increase the number of Rape Crisis centres have actually resulted in many centres being closed down due to major underfunding.9 The government has placed much focus on and investment in convicting offenders, while studies show that over 90% of victims who were given access to shelters felt that they had majorly improved access to safety.10 The acts of the government and its plans and promises have simply not be implemented in reality: victims still stand in the shadow of inappropriate focus placed on offenders and criminal justice.11 There is little doubt that the approach of the government has been unorganised, unstructured and incomplete, despite reports recognising that it should be the complete opposite.12 Such failure on the part of the

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Fundamentals of Contract Law - Essay Example This letter also stipulated the precedence of MSC company terms and provision was made for an increase in price. Therefore Betty has not agreed to the original terms of Able’s contract, she has only accepted conditionally1. Therefore, this is a counter offer which is in effect a rejection of the original offer that Able has made. Therefore, it is now Betty’s offer that is up for negotiation and Able has indicated his acceptance of Betty’s offer by signing on the tear off slip that is attached to her company’s order form. Since there is no further communication from Betty, this would be deemed to be the final agreement between the two parties with Able having consented to Betty’s terms. A valid contract between two parties may be said to exist only when the parties â€Å"assent to the same thing in the same sense, and their minds meet as to all terms.†2 Able was free to reject Betty’s counter offer, since a counter offer in effect, free s the offerer Able from any liability.3 But he signed on Betty’s order form, which means he has accepted the terms of Betty’s counter offer and the original offer has been rejected. However, this raises the issue of the clause that he has entered in the tear off slip that he has signed, which states that the offer was accepted based on the terms of the original offer. This belies the agreement implied through Abel’s signature on the tear off slip, because in indicates that Able is still not ready to accede to Betty’s terms but is intent on enforcing the original terms.  

English Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Essey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Essey - Essay Example The first and perhaps most attractive option that Grant could take would be to accept the positive of chief executive at the Japanese subsidiary. Mr. Hargreaves, the headhunter who had sounded out Grant for the position, was quick to present his offer when Manningham was taken over. Perhaps this is because he expected that Grant would lose his job, but that is not the case in this situation. The job is virtually his; all is has to do is hop on a plane to Tokyo and he would start work immediately. Grant’s wife Helen is of the view that he should not feel responsible for his employees. She also makes the point that he will only be used by Brett until all of CDI’s employees are in place; once this happens, Grant will get the boot. Helen is of the view that Grant should just view Manningham as one step in his career. If he stayed in his current position, then it could hurt the rest of his career, especially if he is fired a short time after the takeover. The second option that Grant could choose would be to stay in his current position at Manningham. This would be the safest option that Grant could take because he would have job security, or at least that is what was promised to him by Geoffrey Brett, the chairman of CDI. Since the takeover, Brett has shown nothing but respect to Grant, so there is no reason to suggest that his position would be under threat in the short term. From CDI’s point of view, Grant is the key to the takeover process going as planned because he has the loyalty of Manningham’s employees already. Grant feels that he cannot leave his employees in the lurch because they have developed mutual trust over the years. Because CDI’s employees would be moving into the workplace as well, Grant needs to be there to reassure his employees that their jobs will be safe. If he was to leave when he was needed most, then it is likely that CDI would relieve many Manningham employees of their position and r eplace them with their own

Literature Survey for - What are the benefits and costs of worker Essay

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Research proposal ( research for social and community development) - Essay Example However, a study conducted by Crosby and Holtgrave (2006) reveals that low income and poverty while significantly linked to teenage pregnancy, social capital had a stronger influence on teenage pregnancy. Therefore, the role of social and community development appears to have a significant link to teenage pregnancy in the UK and should form the basis of further research. The proposed study will be conducted using a mixed methods research in that both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected and analysed. The qualitative data consists of 5 interviews and the quantitative data consist of at least 50 surveys. The sample population will consist of mothers who were pregnant as teens. Social capital theory will be used as a conceptual framework for analysing the data collected. This section should include the material which outlines the rationale for the project, i.e. why this study needs to be done. This should be done in a way that is both accessible and scholarly, i.e. have proper cited sources. This study is important because the UK is second only to the US in teenage pregnancy rates among all developed nations (Kmietowicz, 2002). Meanwhile the UK has the largest teenage pregnancy rates in all of Europe (Kmietowicz, 2002). Teenage pregnancy is regarded as an important social issue for a number of reasons. The main reason teenage pregnancy is perceived as an important issue is the risk of health to the pregnant teen who seeks to hide the pregnancy or terminate the pregnancy or who engages in risky behaviour that subjects the foetus to the risk of harm (Bonell, 2004). Other facts attributable to the characterization of teenage pregnancy as a major social problem is the welfare services required to support the teen mother and the infant once born (Bonell, 2004). Teenage pregnancy is also said to interfere with the teen mother’s education and thus employment

Southwest Airlines and obese passeger Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Southwest Airlines and obese passeger - Article Example both armrests should book the additional seat at the booking time and that with only one seat, he was going to make himself uncomfortable as well as the co-passengers. The Southwest Airlines’ customer of size policy states that the additional seat will be offered at a discounted rate and refunded afterwards if goes unoccupied, which is a very good offer which Orto should have availed. He had also been offered the opportunity to show to the Airlines that he could accommodate only one seat without upsetting his seatmates, but he refused. One cannot make out what was the reason he did not take the chance of boarding the plane and letting the personnel see that he was right. According to the Southwest Airlines, putting forward the rule of an additional seat for large passengers became vital when the customers who felt terribly uncomfortable sitting next to an obese seatmate started raising objections. Moreover, the over-weight passengers disturb the plane’s weight and balance which is very dangerous. Since it is the responsibility of the Airlines to assure safety to all passengers, Orto had to be enquired. The question that what factor decides which passenger is stout and which is skinny has a straightforward reply. The Airlines’ policy says that it is the size of the person that determines his obesity, not his weight nor the extension of the seat belt. If an obese person gets allowed to fly with only one seat, that would only happen if he is able to lower or extend the seatbelt. If he cannot lower it, this decides that he is obese. A good example can be of a pregnant woman. Despite her being over-weight, if she can lower the armrest, it i s okay if she books one seat. Staff can be also instructed to use measuring tape to measure the size of the passenger, and if the size crosses a pre-decided limit, then he would have to buy an additional seat. This procedure should be carried out at the time of booking and not at the time of boarding. Even if some one like a

High school Essay Example for Free

High school Essay Sports influence life of peoples and nations , and play an important role and essential part for people on daily basis by creating an atmosphere full cooperation and affiliation, and strengthen the social ties for being an integral part of the public education process. Studies show that regular physical activity with healthy eating habits, is considered the most effective and healthy weight control. Whether trying to lose weight or maintain it. It doesn’t matter what kind of physical activity that an individual make, whether by participating in sports, doing daily house task , or business-related work. Participating in Sports have big impact on acquiring the ability to understand oneself and others, and how to deal with them and a sense of responsibility in building social relations and development for society as a whole. Sports connect individuals by feeling their mental and physical abilities. In brief, research have indicated the correlation between physical activities and undergraduate/ high school students for different age group. The benefits of being involved in sports and the degree of influence on student’s grades, by reducing anxiety caused by psychological and social troubles despite the time consumed in performing the activity. This refers to find the right balance between sports and studies. Introduction â€Å"Asound mind in a sound body, is a short, but full description of a happy state in this World: he that has these two, has little more to wish for; and he that wants either of them, will be little the better for anything else. † (John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning Education, 1693). Sports considered part of recreational activities, which allow many opportunities to the individual to play the role more effectively through exercises that can take positive advantage of the physical skills Intellectual ability. Regular exercise helps protect from heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, insulin-independent diabetes, obesity, back pain, osteoporosis, and can also improve your mood and prevent life pressures. Exercises also increase the good cholesterol HDL in the body and reduces LDL cholesterol and improve the flow of blood, and increase the ability to work under pressure . Experts advise a workout of 20-30 minutes three times or more per week, and perform muscle exercises at least twice a week. Sports and students In sports, most people often see advantages in just building shapes. However, there are also many social and individual advantages. Participating in physical activities one of the most fulfilling encounters students can have. While meanings taught in sporting can be precious, in an age when skilled sportsmen are forsaken college for the sake of engaging in contracts worth large figures. Most university sportsmen never achieve the high end, and the ones who do are normally done enjoying by age 33. Keeping the self-discipline to execute well on the stage as well as in the class room can set you up for success long after your enjoying days are over. Sports educate learners the idea of group connections â€Å"there is no I in team†. Sports help learners realize that cooperating as a group means more achievements, and the projects that they will work towards become a lot easier. Teamwork even moves into the class room for group projects. It is important for learners to learn how to work together to achieve a objective. Just like in sports, if your team mate is having difficulties, you help them pick up the slack to get to your objective. In the class room, this might mean that they create an additional page of an task for a group or make an additional glide for a venture. Being a member of a group whether it be golf ball, beach ball, or even in a class room can be a very fulfilling encounter for all learners. Benefits of participating in physical activities Improving health and exerting students’ surplus energies. Obeying the competition or societal rules and constraining delinquent behaviors (such as cheating, acting violently, consuming illegal substances, and drinking excessive alcohol, etc) Promoting societal values, integrity and building character Enhancing confidence, motivation, sense of empowerment, and self-esteem Providing social interaction, fun and enjoyment Offering opportunities for education and career in sports Expanding life experience and making more friends Knowing how to deal with failure and difficult situation Developing life-skills (Blinde, Taub, Han, 1993; Coakley, 2007; Eitzen Sage, 2008; Hudson, 2000; JOPERD, 2004; Shaffer, Wittes, 2006; Woods, 2006; Woodruff Schallert, 2008). Sports in High Schools Academic qualifications for student-athletes in public high schools fitness activities has many variations and has been changing over the past many decades. But how far have we come in motivating sportsmen in the classroom? The term student-athlete implies that the person engaged with education and sporting is both a good student in the class room and an active and effective individual on an fitness team. In theory, academic proficiency is a requirements for fitness contribution. It has been proven that high schools sportsmen usually have a greater GPA than non sportsmen (Eitzen Tale, 1993). As school regions and fitness administrators work to show responsibility to the mother and father in their respective communities through the modification of fitness codes, it is essential address the issue of student sportsman academic performance. Efforts to change academic qualifications for high schools sportsmen began in 1983, amongst powerful resistance from trainers, mother and father, and others (Wolf, 1983). In 1984 the condition of Texas introduced a No Pass No Play rule that mentioned that sportsmen could not have any failing qualities if they were to join in a sporting action (Richards, 1987). A specialist selected 125 great schools across 48 declares and compared their specifications for fitness qualifications. The focus was on four specific academic qualifications areas: 1. Minimum personal GPA for fitness contribution. 2. Maximum variety of Fs that an sportsman can have and still take part. 3. The time period for athletic-academic revocation for sportsmen that dont achieve the lowest specifications. 4. A sticking to personal condition association guidelines for academic qualifications. As this research indicates, only a tiny proportion of great schools in the United States have attached a lowest GPA to their academic specifications for fitness qualifications. The tutorial institutions that had minimal requirements justified these requirements by stating that sporting keep children in school; if they were not qualified to join in sporting, these learners would drop out. Some of the schools in the research indicated that they incorporated a quality factor to their qualifications but later removed this requirements from their fitness code because of opposition from trainers and mother and father. Additional justifications from fitness administrators protecting low academic specifications included that fitness applications must remain student-friendly and that all learners, regardless of what their qualities, should have the right to join. A variety of fitness administrators revealed that they would like to have even reduced academic specifications than those already in position. In schools that had powerful academic specifications, fitness administrators revealed learners modified to the specifications once they were set in position. One fitness director mentioned that children know what the lowest GPA is to be qualified so they will do what is required. In fact, he even thought that they could raise the quality factor to 2. 5 and the student-athletes would adjust in an issue of your energy and effort. One high school in Canada that had a lowest GPA of 2. 5 maintained the right to hold an sportsman out if the trainers felt that the student-athlete was not performing up to his or her prospective, even if the grade that the student maintained is 3. 0. When public schools educational applications are under heavy analysis, fitness applications with low academic requirements are only harming themselves by letting their sportsmen just get by. The fitness applications in this research that have challenged their learners in the class room with greater academic requirements over a many decades have been successful in improving the quality of factor earnings. Students modified to the educational demands set by the fitness applications and the variety of learners that were announced ineligible was consistent with the variety that were announced ineligible under the reduced academic requirement. Scholarship or grant Availability Most universities provide money to sportsmen in the form of educational grants. With 3. 1 million secondary university graduate students this year and only 450,000 of those playing college fitness programs, qualities play a part in obtaining grants and financial aid unless you are being enrolled by an upper-tier institution. College sports and students College activities have progressively become a fundamental element of college student lifestyle. As viewers or through direct contribution, college activities can impact learners in many different ways. Physical teachers and game experts would agree that fitness contribution brings numerous physical, emotional, educational and community advantages to the members. More specifically, many positive educational advantages were discovered to be associated with intercollegiate game contribution. Research supported that college student-athletes were often more engaged in academic and university activities than their non-athlete peers (Wolniak, Pierson, Pascarella, 2001). Student-athletes were also more likely to exchange discovered life and perform abilities, self-esteem and personality (i. e. , reliability and work-ethics) into their selected profession areas (Weis, 2007). In addition, effective fitness programs that continually win more games entice student-athletes and non-student-athletes with higher academic ratings, hence helping the instructors of the organization as a whole. (Mixon, Trevino, Minto, 2004). Because there are so many academic advantages associated with fitness contribution, Valente (2006), a lecturer of songs, mentioned that her songs learners could certainly learn about abilities and features such as goal establishing techniques, exercising carefully and being on time from student-athletes. In comparison to the advantages of fitness contribution, several specific research analyzing the effect of fitness contribution on intellectual studying of college student-athletes review different results in resistance to the advantages that are detailed in these passage. These data indicated that fitness contribution had either adverse organization or no effect on male college student-athletes’ academic inspiration, development, and studying ability Wolniak, Pierson, Pascarella, 2001). Other research also found that learners who took part in intercollegiate sporting did not have a better GPA or greater results in intellectual studying and inspiration (Wolniak et al. , 2001) in comparison to those learners who were not sportsmen. Therefore, this indicates that the literary works facilitates the idea that college sporting in fact does have many advantages to the individual sportsman and organization, but the level to which the effect goes may not be concretely identified. The question that follows then is: will there be any damaging emotional or physical? Effect if an sportsman displays a advanced level of fitness identification and game commitment? Obviously, sportsmen with a strong fitness identification might tend to ignore other factors of lifestyle in order to meet up with their sportsman role, which can increase the danger of public problems. The scores of comparative importance of two life-roles extracurricular actions and relationship were found to be extremely low for a group of sportsmen. However, indicated that top level race sportsmen did not have the same ranking. This may indicate that some sportsmen are still able to balance their public and fitness lifestyle without suffering from emotional problems. Also added that the student-athletes at females universities were more involved in instructors, yet did not vary in how long spent in extracurricular actions and in the quantity of student participation. This may suggest that living a w ell-balanced educational, public, and fitness lifestyle can possibly be possible philosophy. In addition to community issues, research that student-athletes often begin their college profession with vague or nonexistent profession objectives and spend heavily in their fitness positions (Lally Kerr, 2005; Burns Kerr, 2003). They handle with dual-role details, full-time sportsman and full-time college student, at the same time in their early college decades. As they become upperclassmen and complete their enjoying qualifications, they progressively choose to spend money on the latter identification fully to explore non-sport profession options (Wiechman Bill, 1997). This suggestion may imply that student-athletes don’t necessarily view enjoying game as the most essential or the only essential action in their lives. Exercises female students Crawford and Eklund (1994) found that highly whole body anxious female college students preferred work out settings that deemphasized the whole body. Hart (1991) reported that highly whole body anxious students tended to exhibit more protective work out behaviors (e. g. , positioning themselves in the back of an work out class, wearing loose fitting clothing) than did their less anxious peers. Having demonstrated that female students social whole body stress is reduced and that whole body esteem is enhanced with participation in a university-based workout program, it may be useful to begin exploring potential mediators of this effect. One possibility is that participation in fitness classes leads to familiarity with work out settings, which, in turn, reduces stress. This reduced stress may lead to a change in exercisers whole body concerns regardless of their actual figure. If familiarity with work out settings per se is found to be one of the main components of work out related stress reduction, then development of work out settings that reduce participants social whole body stress would be warranted. Another possibility is that changes in social whole body stress and whole body esteem occur mainly as a result of changes in various whole body measures (e. g. , weight, human extra fat, whole body size). Although McAuley et al. (1995) found involvement in work out classes to be associated with changes in figure and social whole body stress, other researchers (Blessing, Wilson, Puckett, Ford, 1987; Ford, Puckett, Blessing, Tucker, 1989) have found no significant changes in the bodyweight or whole body composition of female college students participating in aerobic dance classes over an eight-week period. It is also possible that changes in social whole body stress are associated with changes in other psychological factors such as self-concept. McInman and Berger (1993) found exercisers with high and low social whole body stress differed in terms of self-concept. Perhaps changes in self-concept associated with work out are reflected in concomitant changes in social whole body stress. Research methodology : My research methodology requires gathering relevant data from the specified documents and compiling databases in order to analyze the material and arrive at a more complete understanding and historical reconstruction of Sport. I hope to shed light on the following questions through my research: 1) Which category below includes your age 2) Please select your gender 3) Employment Status: Are you currently†¦? 4) Are you enrolled in†¦? 5) What program are you currently registered for? 6) Your current GPA is between 7) On how many occasions do you participate in sports and physical activities a week? 8) If no, what would be the reason for not participating in sports and physical activities? 9) If so, do you participate on sports organized by the university? 10) Do you find sports and physical activities handy to your studies While giving the research paper for students some of them were interested some of them no I also give for students outside AUE, I gave for Middlesex University after finishing the research paper and collecting data I started to put it on Microsoft Excel. Here is the charts showing the percentage of each Q’s: Conclusion In conclusion, activities impact not on students alone, but also in many other parties involved as well. Participation in any physical programs is a great way to get engaged and understand useful life training. Sports is something many people will never ignore. Most learners will never perform an structured game again after secondary university. Comprising your colleagues, your group, and your university has an amazing beneficial impact on any youngster. References Ghassan Mohammed Sadiq Fatima Yassin Al Hashimi. . (Mosul, Library for printing and publishing. Page 10 (1988). Eitzen, S. Sage, G. (1989) Sociology of North American Sport, 4th edition. Dubuque, Iowa: WM. C. Brown Publishers. Eitzen, S. Saga, G. (1993). Sociology of North American Sport, Dubuque, Iowa:WM. C. Brown Publishers. 4th edition. McGrath, E. (1984). Blowing the whistle on Johnny,@ Time 30 January p. 80. Richards, D. (1987). No-pass pulse, Dallas Morning News 6 October 1987, pp. B1, B14. Wolf, C. (1983). Playing for keeps, New York Times Magazine, 30 October 1983, pp. 32-53 Blinde, E. M. , Diane E. Taub, D. E. , and Han, L. (1993). Sport participation and womens personal empowerment: Experiences of the college athlete. Journal of Sport Social Issues, 17, 47-60. Coakley, J. (2007). Sport in society: Issues and controversies (9th ed. ). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. Hudson, A. (2000). Effects of athletic involvement on the social life: A study of 68 track and field athletes. Unpublished manuscript. JOPERD (2004). Benefits of high school athletic participation. The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation Dance, 75(7), 10. Shaffer, D. R. , Wittes, E. (2006). Women’s precollege sports participation, enjoyment of sports, and self-esteem. Sex Roles, 55(3/4), 225-232. Woods, R. B. (2006). Social issues in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Woodruff, A. L. , Schallert, D. L. (2008). Studying to play, playing to study: Nine college student-athletes’ motivational sense of self. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33(1), 34-57. Eitzen, S. , Sage, G. (2008). Sociology of North American Sport (8th ed. ). Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers. Crawford, S, Eklund, R. C. (1994). Social physique anxiety, reasons for exercise, and attitudes toward exercise settings. Journal of Sport Exercise Psychology, 16, 70-82. Hart, E. (1991, October). The influence of exercise experience on social physique anxiety and exercise behavior. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology Savannah GA. McAuley, E. , Bane, S. M. , Mihalko, S. L. (1995). Exercise in middle-aged adults: Self-efficacy and self-presentational outcomes. Preventive Medicine, 24, 319-328. Blessing, D. L. , Wilson, G. D. , Puckett, J. R. , Ford, H. T. (1987). The physiological effects of eight weeks of aerobic dance with and without hand-held weights. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 15, 508-510. Mclnman, A. D. , Berger, B. G. (1993). Self-concept and mood changes associated with aerobic dance. Australian Journal of Psychology, 45, 134-140.

Hitler And National Socialism In Germany Essay Example for Free

Hitler And National Socialism In Germany Essay Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 at Braunau an Inn on the Austrian side of the border with Germany. In 1913 he left Vienna for Munich and in August 1914 he joined a Bavarian infantry battalion and spent the next four years of the First World War on the western front, where he was promoted to the rank of corporal and generally served with distinction. At the end of the war, amid considerable revolutionary fervour in Germany, he returned to Munich and joined the German Workers Party, a counter-revolutionary movement dedicated to the principles of German national socialism, as opposed to Jewish Marxism or Russian Bolshevism. In February 1920 the party took the name National Socialist German Workers Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, NSDAP, Nazi for short) and set out its 25- point party programme. The name at the bottom of the document is not Hitlers that of Anton Drexler, who set up the German Workers Party in Munich. Although Hitler had only been a member of the party for a year, the twenty-five points reveal the influence of his ideas. The programme contained many of the policies that became associated with the Nazis when they gained power constitutionally in 1933. In November 1923 Hitler entered Landsberg prison; he remained there until his release in December 1924. To all practical intents and purposes his party had ceased to exist and it was perhaps as well for the fuehrer that he had to withdraw from all political activity, for the general climate was not propitious. Inflation had come to an end, and after experiencing some severe shocks in her domestic and foreign affairs, Germany entered a period of relative calm and stability. For the time being, at any rate, this reduced the appeal that the extremist movements of both right and left had for the public. Stability was not to last and in retrospect the mid-twenties appear to have provide the Nazis with the necessary interlude in which to prepare themselves for the great onslaught on the Weimar Republic which too place towards the end of the decade. Hitlers stay in prison, almost as merry and certainly as comfortable as that described in Johann Strauss famous operetta, provided him with a welcome opportunity to put some of his ideas in writing, thus giving National Socialism a doctrine of sorts. On foreign policy in particular National Socialism had been rather weak, frequently contradictory; Hitler must have felt an urgent need to give his movement some guidance in this field when, in 1926, he wrote the sections on a future German policy in the last part of Mein Kampf, and when, in 1928, he dictated his second book entirely devoted to foreign political questions, destined not to appear in print in his lifetime. In these writings Hitlers views about Russia and Bolshevism were systematically developed for the first and last time; essentially, they did not undergo any major change throughout the rest of his life. Hitler and National Socialism in Germany While Hitler was in prison the leaderless National Socialist movement split into several factions. Some Bavarian Nazis decided to follow a more radical left-wing line, mainly in order to attract Communists; there was some vague idea of a division of labour between the extremes. You hang the Jews, well hang the other capitalists, some Communists are alleged to have replied. But since this demagoguery alienated the lower middle class, which was, after all, the backbone of Nazism, the political line eventually was changed, and Communism again became a dangerous enemy. In the west of Germany, there was but little hope of attracting workers with the anti-leftist slogans that had been successful in Munich before 1923. The brothers Gregor and Otto Strasser, as well as young Dr Goebbels, who built up the Nazi Party in west Germany, decided on a much more radical approach, and one which led to open conflict within the Nazi movement and eventually to a showdown. In October 1932, when the economic crisis in the West had reached its peak, the official organ of the Nazis declared: The five year plan has ceased to be a theory. It has become a reality, a hateful, but one that must be taken into account. The relative success of the plan made a deep impression in these circles; its cost and the many unnecessary victims it demanded did not worry the Nazis; on the contrary, the Gewaltmensch Stalin became for some of them almost an attractive figure. Yet it did not make them more friendly disposed towards Communism. They stressed in their propaganda now that the Soviet menace in the East had grown and that only a National Socialist Germany could successfully withstand the Bolshevik tide. National Socialism, they said, would defend Germany not for capitalism, which was bankrupt- it was certainly not worth while to shed ones blood for this. Germany would be saved only by an idea, a new organic social order- namely, National Socialism. In 1945 German historians were confronted with a completely new challenge. The defeat of National Socialist Germany in the Second World War not meant the Germans had lost the war but now also had to face being held accountable for political crimes of previously inconceivable proportions. American historians explain this after 1945 with a politically undesirable development in Germany that is supposed to have reached from Luther to Hitler; the rise and fall of the Third Reich was thus merely the inevitable end thereof. The two leading German historians of the immediate postwar period, Friedrich Meinecke and Gerhard Ritter, both having distanced themselves considerably from the Third Reich, believed the entire tradition of the German national state to be in great danger. In 1946 Meinecke therefore tried to represent the Third Reich as the German catastrophe, for which he held the National Socialism and its demonic leader Hitler responsible. Ritter even claimed in 1948 that National Socialism was not a specifically German phenomenon, but had instead been caused by the crisis in European democracy in the twentieth century. Both failed to include National Socialism in the continuity of German history, but instead chose to interpret it as a historical break with tradition. After the erection of the Berlin Wall, and the subsequent crisis in the Federal Republic of Germany, this form of dealing with Germanys past was radically challenged. Fritz Fischers book on Germanys grip for world power in the First World War showed that even the imperial government, led by Wilhelm II had followed an expansive imperialist policy- by no means was Hitler the first to do so. The continuity of German politics in the twentieth century, which most of the West German historians had vehemently denied, was thus once again on the scholarly agenda. This led to the first big Historikerstreit in the mid-1960s in the Federal Republic of Germany, who by those who believed a degree of continuity from imperialist to National Socialist Germany existed. In particular, the development of National Socialism was seen as the result of a historical singular path (Sonderweg), which only German society had followed in 1871, when the Reich was founded. The central argument of this interpretation of National Socialism consists in blaming the continued existence of pre-industrial and authoritarian societal structures for the lack of drastic modernisation in Germany. Without a successful bourgeois revolution, Germany was thus helpless when faced with the attack of authoritarian- oriented political forces. Seen from this point of view, National Socialism thus appears as the result of the opposition of national-conservative elite against the societal process of transformation in Germany that had been gathering momentum since 1919. In order to support this interpretation, less focus was placed on German politics since 1919 and more on German society during the Empire. It was National Socialism, not the Hitler Youth, that made such a powerful appeal to young Germans, above all by its activist character. In vivid contrast to the interminable discussions of the Biinde, elaborating ideals that were to be realized in some indefinite future, Hitler affirmed that the hour had already struck; the day of national salvation had arrived. The Biinde had wanted their members to understand that all the different aspects and facets of the political problem had to be studied, each from its own angle, before a political judgement could be valid and comprehensive. Commendable in itself, this relativistic approach was also their weakness, and made them an easier prey to the fanaticism and one-sidedness of National Socialism. While the Biinde were talking about sacrifice, their rivals were demanding, and getting, immediate action. Facing the rising tide of National Socialism, more and more of the biinische youth feared that history would pass them by, and felt incapable of remaining inactive. The cry for political engagement awakened a profound response in such a period of disarray and desperation. It must be remembered that the middle classes were hardly less seriously hit by unemployment than the working class; every thing seemed undermined by the general economic decline and the spectre of academic and white-collared poverty was becoming a grim reality. Choosing Hitler was not an act of political decision, not the choice of a known programme or ideology; it was simply joining a quasi-religious mass movement as an act of faith. Rational misgivings about the relevance of Hitlers professions of the solution of Germanys real problems cannot have been entirely absent from the minds of many, but they were perfectly willing to surrender their own critical judgment. It meant abandoning democracy and freedom as impotent and discredited ideas and trusting the Fiihrer, who would know best what to do.

Maslows Criteria of Self Actualization

Maslows Criteria of Self Actualization Abraham Maslow is known as the spiritual father of humanistic psychology. According to him, human being is a creature who always have desired. If their desired is satisfied, another will arises to take place. In the drives of fulfill ones potential, the individual will be gained happiness, growth and satisfaction. Maslow was distinguished in motivation. Motivation is the reduction of tension by satisfying lacks. D-needs or deficiency needs arise for the requirements of survival or safety, such as need for food or shelter. It motivates individual to engage in activities that reduce these drives. Maslow had proposed that human needs are arranged in hierarchy and there are five levels of basic human needs. It was listed from strongest to weakest which include basic physiological need , safety, belongingness and love , esteem and actualization. The self actualization is the weakest need which place on top of the hierarchy and physiological need is the strongest need which place on the bottom of hierarchy. Most of the people trying to fulfill physiological needs, safety , belongingness and love and esteem needs. Indeed, self actualization is a goal that less people can fully reached. Movement to self actualization is not easy and wont reached automatically. Abraham Maslow also said that self actualization as the full use and exploitation of talents, capacities and potentialities. This is because self actualization is the weakest needs and people are usually afraid of the self knowledge for self actualization that may change their self-concept. In self actualization, people comes to find out the meaning of their life and the importance of life to them. Therefore, self actualization requires freedom to express oneself and to explore. Thus, their act have to in the absence of any restriction and follow the moral value such as truth, honesty and others. Although all people have innate drive to be self actualized, but self actualized people are still very rare. Most of us not capable to achieved self actualization or only to certain degree of self actualizing, but theoretically we are able to self actualizing. Maslow identified that self actualized people have fifteen common characteristics. The characteristic includes problem centered but not self centered, spontaneous, accept themselves for what they are, highly creative, peak experience and others. Although people can achieve self actualization in their unique ways, they still tend to share certain same characteristics. The behaviors that leading to self actualization such as trying new things, being honest, taking responsibility and working hard and so on. CRITERIA TO SELF-ACTUALIZATION There are four criteria must have before a person achieves self-actualization. One of them were free or absence of psychopathology. Psychopathology is a term which refers to either the study of mental illness, mental distress or the manifestation of behaviours and experiences which may be showing out mental illness or psychological impairment. They were neither neurotic nor psychotic no partially toward psychological disturbances. This is an important point of negative criterion because some neurotic and psychotic individuals have some things in common with self-actualizing people and sharing the same characteristics such as heightened sense of reality, mystical experiences, creativity, and detachment from other people. Abraham H. Maslow will remove from the list of possible of self-actualizing people if that person showed clear signs of psychopathology. Maslow second criterion was acceptance of the B-values. Researchers have defined it formally in terms of positive and negative self-concepts. He states the person who achieved self actualization will felt comfortable with and even demanded truth, beauty, justice, simplicity, wholeness, perfection, completion, aliveness, richness, goodness, uniqueness, effortlessness, playfulness and the last one is self-sufficiency. This all values is also about B-values. We have to accept or have B-values in our own self to achieves self-actualization. Besides that, the criteria is satisfaction of each of the four lower level needs and therefore can lived above the subsistence level of existence. They would also experienced love and had a well-rooted sense of self-worth. This is because when they satisfied their lower needs, these people were better and be able to tolerate the frustration of these needs, even in the face of criticism. They are also be able of loving a wide variety of people yet love everyone with no obligated. Last but not least, the criterion for reaching self-actualization was fully accomplished of ones potentials for growth. In other words, his self-actualizing individuals have to fulfil their needs to grow, to develop, and to increasingly become what they were capable of becoming. With having all these criterions, the needs of self actualization only can fulfilled. VALUES OF SELF-ACTUALIZERS Maslow had state that self-actualizing people are motivated by the eternal verities what he called B-values. These are sign of psychological health and are opposed to deficiency needs, which motivate non-self-actualizers. B-values are not the needs in the same sense that food, shelter, or companionship are. Maslow termed B-values metaneeds to point out that they are the extreme level of needs. He differentiate between ordinary needs motivation and the motives of self-actualizing people, which known as metamotivation. Metamotivation is characterized by expressive rather than coping behavior and is connected with the B-values. It differentiates self-actualizer from those who are not. In other words, metamotivation was Maslows indecisive answer to the problem of why some people have their lower needs satisfied, they capable giving and receiving love, hold a great amount of confidence and self-esteem. The lives of these people are meaningless and lacking in B-values. Only people who lives among the B-values are self-actualizing, and they alone are capable of metamotivation. Maslow had identified 14 B-values. The values of self-actualizing people include truth, beauty, goodness, wholeness or the transcendence of dichotomies, aliveness or spontaneity, uniqueness, completion, justice and order, perfection, simplicity, richness or totally, effortlessness, playfulness or humor, and self-sufficiency or autonomy. These values differentiate self-actualizing people from those whose psychological growth is stop after they reach their esteem needs. Maslow hypothesized that when people did not met their metaneeds , they will experience illness, also known as existential illness. All people have different tendency to move toward completeness and when the movement was discouraged, they will start suffer from the feelings of inadequacy, disintegration, and lack of fulfilment. Absence of these B-values leads to pathology just same as lack of food results in malnutrition. When denied the truth, people suffer from paranoia, when they live in ugly surroundings, they become physically ill, lack of playfulness and humour. They become tired, rigid, and depressed. Deficiency of any of the B-values results in metapathology which means the lack of a meaningful philosophy of life. CHARACTERISTIC OF SELF ACTUALIZER Abraham Maslow described several characteristics of a self-actualizations peoples. Maslows theory conceptualizing behavioral define in term of a hierarchy, which the self-actualization needs is the highest of the human needs, involves the actively use of all our qualities and abilities, the development and fulfillment of our potential. Self-actualization people are those who have achieved this goal. They are characterized by their giving, calm and practical natures. Question, what are the characteristics of self-actualization? Self-actualization people share certain characteristics and Maslow concluded which is objective perception of reality. Self-actualizations people perceive their world and other people, clearly and logic, unbiased. The self-actualization people have comfortable relations with more efficient perception of reality. This is extended to all areas of life. Self-actualization people are not frightened, they will not frighten by the unknown and they have greater ability to reason, to see the truth. They able to detect the dishonest and the fake. Secondly, characteristic of self-actualization people is a full acceptance of their own nature. Self-actualization people accept their strengths and weaknesses. They do not try to distort or falsify their self-image and they do not feel guilty or shame about their failing. They enjoy themselves without regret or apology, they have no unnecessary inhibitions. They also accept the weaknesses of other people and of society in general. They accept natural events, even disasters, as a part of life. Thirdly, the self-actualization people is commit and dedicate to a kind of work. They focus on problems outside themselves and other centred. Self-actualization people have a sense of mission in life which they requiring their energy. Their mission is their reason for living in the world. This dedication to a cause or vocation is a requirement for self-actualization. They are serene, characterized by a lack of worry, and are devoted to duty. Self-actualization people find pleasure and excitement in their hard work. Forth, behavior of self-actualizer is simplicity, honest and being nature. The behaviour of self-actualization people is open, direct, and natural. They rarely hide their feelings, emotions or play a role to satisfy the society, they may do so only to avoid hurting other people. Self-actualization people are individualistic in their ideas and ideals but not necessarily standard in their behavior. They feel secure enough to be themselves without being aggressive. They are so spontaneous in their inner life, thoughts and impulses, they are not hampered by agreement. Their ethics is independent. They are individuals and motivated to keep growing. Besides that, the characteristic of self-actualization people is a need for autonomy, privacy, and independence. Self-actualizers can experience isolation without harmful effects and seem to need loneliness more than persons who are not self-actualizing. Alone but not lonely, unflappable, retain dignity amid confusion and personal misfortunes, objective. They do not go in for fads and they prefer to follow their self-determined interests. This independence may make them seem aloof or unfriendly, but that is not their intent. They are simply more autonomous than more people and do not crave social support. Furthermore, characteristic of self-actualizers is intense peak experience. A peak experience is a momentary feeling of extreme wonder, awe, and vision, the loss of placement in time and space with, finally, the conviction that something extremely important and valuable had happened, so that the subject was to some extent transformed and strengthened even in his daily life by such experiences. Self-actualization people know moments of intense ecstasy, not unlike deep religious experiences, that can occur with virtually any activity. They are special experiences that appear to be very meaningful to the person who has one. In addition, the characteristic of self-actualization people is empathy and affection for all humanity. All self-actualizers tend to have a deep and sincere caring for their fellow humans. Although often irritated by the behavior of other people, self-actualizers feel a kinship with an understanding of others as well as desire to help them. Identification, sympathy, and affection for mankind, kinship with the good, the bad and the ugly, older-brother attitude. Truth is clear to them, they can see things others cannot see. OBSTACLE TO SELF ACTUALIZATION Most of the people would like to describe the self actualization as positive in many ways , but Maslow wanted to make it clear that it was not easy to achieve self actualization. Although it was an natural potential of everyone, but it was not developed generally. This is because they had repeatedly stuck in the situation to choose between growth and safety. Safety is an attractive choice, but only growth can lead us to self actualization. If we choose play safe rather than dangerous of growth, it will not brings us more toward to self actualization. Parents are advised to not overprotection which orient the child toward safety, and extreme approval which means focus on the child others opinion rather than their own experience. When parents give a clear concept for children, the children will notice that growth choice offer joy and happiness, whereas choice of safety will only lead to boredom. Although growth choice seems dangerous and safety choice offers confirmation, but we have to clear that self actualization is a higher needs and also weakest needs. Therefore ,peoples must pay more effort to compete for it. Besides that, lower needs such as physiological needs, safety and others need higher needs which most of the people keep fighting for it can bring them more satisfaction. Therefore, self actualization is on top of the hierarchy, which is the highest and also the weakest needs. People have to make a clear vision and step to know what they want to achieve it. Maslow also state that human no longer have instincts in the human sense, powerful, unmistakable inner voices which tell them unequivocally what to do, when, where, how and with whom. All that we have left are instinct-remnants. And these are weak, subtle and delicate, very easily drowned out by learning, by cultural expectation, by fear ,by disapproval. (Maslow, 1968b,p191). Maslow added the diminutive ending and called them instinctoid. The weakness of higher instinctoid is they are sometimes insufficient to lead us fully to self actualization. Furthermore, Jonah complex which is the people are convinced that it is impossible to do anything very important and it will to dream to their highest potential, which means self actualization, it will leave them unhappy. STEPS TO SELF ACTUALIZATION Next, we should realize that self actualization plays an important role in our daily life as our age is increasing. Therefore, people might ask what to do can get into self actualization? Heres 11 steps that we can do to achieve self actualization in ourselves. First step is you need to assess your life. Assess statement which means that you should ask yourself are you living a life that you find deeply rewarding and meaningful ? This is not a once and only step. This is a question you have to ask yourself regularly. For example , what you were doing until nowadays to assess and make your life meaningful. If you work as a teacher, you must know that this job is a honored work as you are passing knowledge to the students. If you regularly asked yourself and you get to know the answer, your life will be more meaningful and tend to get into self actualization. Assess your motive is the second step. You have to keep ask yourself, are you holding yourself back because of fear? Everyone should make a choice that desire to grow, rather than reaction to fear. Dont think about what will happen after you made your life decision but keep motivate yourself and think what is the best for your life. Third step is willing to change. If you feel your life isnt a rewarding, youll need to change it, willing to make a move and change a new direction. You have to open yourself to possibility. If you keep closing yourself off to the world, you are going to miss a lot of amazing things in the world. Part of the process to achieved self actualization is allowing those pain at the past, old mindsets and prejudice idea go away. You need to create a sort of blank slate within yourself to begin reconstructing the view of point to see the world. Forth step is started to take the responsibility. You cant expect others to make changes for you. Its your life and its up to you to make the necessary changes that will lead to greater fulfillment. To do this, you may start from small. As with most other tasks, acting responsibility works best when you can get a bit of momentum going. If you feel crushed under a backlog of responsibilities, start with a few small or fast tasks. This can help you gain confidence to take bigger responsibility. Next, is cherish your uniqueness. Be prepared to break away from the herd and be different. Dont be afraid to follow your impulses and dont give into the negative self-talk. Choose to look at things in a different perspective. Then, give yourselves more option, wider your mind and make your dreams alive. When the negative discussion starts, make positive thought even stronger than negative thought. Sixth step is realize your dreams. Instead of lay on bed and dream about what you want, write down your goals and take the appropriate action to achieve them. If you are students and want to get an excellent result in the exam, take a piece of paper and list down the steps to achieve the goal. For example go for a tuition class and make study group with your friends. When you start to make the move, then you can only nearer and nearer to your dream. Seventh step is accept your fallibility. That means, be willing to says, I was wrong .Be honest with yourself and with others. Dont be afraid if you have done something wrong and brave to admit it. Most of the people dare not to admit what he was doing wrong and keep denied or blamed on others. This will not improve yourself but only will put yourselves backward. Besides that, is always learn from the good times. Try to repeat experiences that you find deeply meaningful or awe-inspiring or that lead to feelings of excitement, ecstasy, humility or personal fulfillment. For example, if you have involved in the charity program and you are really enjoyed with it, why not if you get more and more to involved into another charity program? This will bring such a inspiring in your life. Furthermore, is join in which means get involved in life. You have to become an active member of your community. For example ,form a neighborhood watch group. If your neighborhood doesnt already have one, learn how to be a neighborhood watch coordinator and get your neighbors involved. This is a great way to get to know the families living on your street, and you can help other neighborhoods get going once you have experience. Next, is look for the good in others. Every one of us has good points and bad. Usually we will overlook the good and only focus on the bad and mistake. Therefore, you have to make it a habit to find out the good part of someone. You should be also have to be more positive thinking .Positive thinking doesnt mean that you keep your head in the sand and ignore lifes less pleasant situations. Positive thinking just means that you approach the unpleasantness in a more positive and productive way. Positive thinking may lead to a good health. Health benefits in positive thinking include the increased of life span ,lower rates of depression, lower levels of distress and so much more. And here comes the last steps which is step eleventh is assess your progress. Take the time to reflect on all that youve accomplished as well as to honestly assess how you can do more to improve your life and the lives of those around you. For example, assess your progress at your work. This is the time to actually get to work. You need to note down your accomplishments of the last year. Then is the time to question what is different in the current year. Be aware of all the things you have accomplished as well. Your accomplishments give you a sense of confidence and help you achieve your goals in a better manner. They also give you a sense of focus. CONCLUSION Maslow had state out that human are much more than physical object and therefore the methods in physical science have no relevant to the study of humans. He also indicate that psychology have to attempt to understand humans who are in the process of finding out their full potential. Thats why we have to know how the people think and which way to use to motivate them. Therefore, Maslow used most of his times and energies trying to understand superior human. The hierarchy of needs which proposed by Abraham Maslow shows that the lower the needs in the hierarchy, more basic they are. However , everyone have to achieve the lowest needs before deal with the highest need. The highest need, which is self actualization, meant they reaching their full potential, figure out who they are and the meaning of their life. The self actualizing people shares some common characteristics. For example, they tend to be more independent. They less rely on others. Besides that, they are creative which always provide some new and brilliant ideas that special and never try before. Although most of us are creative, but self actualizing people are more nature, naive that would used their creativeness to makes the world better. To achieve self actualization, people may also meet some obstacle. Therefore, it is important to choose the correct ways and steps to reach self actualization. Last but not least, out there was thousand million people on the earth, but not much of them can achieved self actualization. This shows that to achieve this goal seems easy but it was hard. Most of the people stuck on physiological needs, safety, belonging and loves need and esteem needs. They spend most of their life to satisfy those lower needs and forget about the highest needs. The needs become more fragile when goes higher the hierarchy which means their satisfaction is easily been block. Therefore, humans have to be strong to themselves and their faith to drive their innate to the best. Human have to be true to themselves and their own nature. Peoples should also have a good planning of their life so that it can motivate them to achieve the goal step by step so that they can finally achieved self actualization.

Student Sleep Habits and Their Grades Essay -- academic performance, sl

Introduction Sleep has always been a popular subject among humans. There have been many studies that examine sleep and its correlation with a wide variety of variables, such as depression, energy levels, and grades. Students, as a group, are widely studied. As the world’s future leaders and thinkers, there is great importance placed on their achievements. In this study the effect of student sleep habits on perceived academic performance is investigated. Many things may affect students’ academic success among these variables are sleep habits. This study will look at sleep habits and grades to see if a significant correlation exists between the two. Sleep is an interesting subject and if a correlation between it and grades may be drawn, whether negative or positive, it will help to further educate and encourage more productive habits among the young and bright individuals that society relies upon. The public should care about the study because the impact is of a nature that could affect the community. Studies have previously been conducted about sleep and students. These studies cover a variety of variables including sleep length, inductive reasoning, preference in time of day, grade-point average, sleep quality, etc. (Escribano & Dà ­az-Morales, 2013);(Gilbert & Weaver, 2010). In one study researchers used Likert scales on a one to five platform to gather information (Gilbert & Weaver, 2010), and another on a one to four scale (Gaultney, 2004). Another study had a survey that asked for objective information such as exact grade-point average (Kelly, Kelly & Clanton, 2010). Yet another study used sleep logs and divided the students into a series of three classes based on their sleep habits (Tsai & Li, 2004). This stu... ...nces, Volume 55, Issue 2, July 2013, Pages 106-111, ISSN 0191-8869 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.02.011 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886913000809) Kelly, W. E., Kelly, K. E., & Clanton, R. C. (2001). The relationship between sleep length and grade-point average among college students.   College Student Journal, 35(1), 84-86. Ling-Ling Tsai, Sheng-Ping Li, (2004) Sleep patterns in college students: Gender and grade differences, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Volume 56, Issue 2, February 2004, Pages 231- 237, ISSN 0022-3999, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00507-5. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022399903005075) Unknown. (unknown).  Table of critical values for pearson's r.. Retrieved on 11/17/2013 from http://www.radford.edu/~jaspelme/statsbook/Chapter%20files/Table_of_Critical Values_for_r.pdf

Health of Elderly Australia Essay -- essays research papers

How is Australia’s aging population supported by the Australian Health Care System? PREAMBLE Since 1901 Australia’s elderly population has had a dramatic rise with it estimated that 65-year olds make up just under 15% of Australia’s population (Northern Health Research). The median age of the country has risen from 22 to 35 years and people age 0-14 has decreased from 35.1% in 1901 to 20.7% in 2001 (Mayne Health Research). As this â€Å"greying of the nation† continues mirroring global trends, there has been an influx of residents admitted into aged care facilities around the country. The aim of this report is to perform a case study on an elderly member of the community cared for at the St. Paul’s Aged Care Centre in Caboolture, after visiting the facility every Friday for a period of five weeks. Not only will the residents health be investigated but also the effectiveness of the aged care centre to cater for the rights and needs of the residents in relation to the Ottawa Charter. Suggestions will be made on how the centre could be improved in th e future culminating in a detailed summary of the report’s findings. INTRODUCTION Upon commencing weekly visits, each group of students was assigned a particular resident and advised to monitor their health, behaviour and needs. After being assigned an elderly gentleman by the name of Ken, it quickly became evident the reasoning behind his care. Ken was suffering the early stages of dementia often forgetting names and having short-term memory loss. According to the Alzheimer’s Association in Queensland, early stages of dementia involves the destruction of brain cells in isolated areas often with first signs being short-term memory loss. He was also suffering severe arthritis of the left knee that seemed to be afflicting each of his elbows as well. Arthritis is a term loosely applied to inflammatory, metabolic, or degenerative diseases involving one or more of the joints (Collier’s Encyclopedia). It is a prevalent, crippling disease affecting tens of millions worldwide (www.arthritis.org/). The final health concern noticed was Ken’s social unac ceptance. Often reluctant to join in with conversations and games, Ken seemed very isolated and lonely, probably further reinforcing the signs of dementia setting in. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On completion of the weekly visits and looking back on the time spent with the residents, ... ... the facility encouraging a more sociable and homelike setting. This would further enhance resident’s social wellbeing allowing a friendlier environment to be created and according to Dr. Luke Ryse,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A person who is living a life in a favoured setting is less likely to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   suffer stress, depression and anxiety often associated with aged  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   care facilities.† (www.agecare.com/oz/st/) Another improvement would be to give greater freedom to the residents. Maybe have meals at different times in the evenings giving them a sense of control and also allow residents accompanied visits outside the facility on a weekly basis. Both would lift spirits in centre and are improvements that are easily attainable. They allow residents greater independence and as mentioned earlier, this fosters better health. However apart from those two areas, the St. Paul’s Aged Care Facility in Caboolture is effectively caring and adhering to the needs of the elderly in conjunction with promoting health through the implementation of the principles of the Ottawa Charter.

Home Schooling: Not For Everyone Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Arg

Home Schooling: Not For Everyone Home schooling is when a child is instructed outside of the public school system in a place such as the home. In the year 2002, 850,000 students were home schooled in the United States out of about 50,200,000 that were attending school at that time (Home Schooling Statistics, 1). The numbers of students being home schooled are expected to grow even more in the future (1). Home schooling laws vary from state to state. In New Jersey the home schooling laws state that children between the ages of 6 and 16 can be home schooled (Home Schooling in the United States A Legal Analysis, 1). There is no requirement for the number of days a student must attend if they are home schooled, unlike the public schools who have to have 180 days of school each year (1). The few required subjects that must be taught are history of the United States, civics, physical education, health, geography, history of New Jersey, citizenship and safety (1). Any of these subjects can be omitted fro m the curriculum if they interfere with religious or moral beliefs of the family (1). Perhaps the most influential reason for why a parent would take their child out of public education is their fear for the quality of their childà °s education. Due to teacher unions and contracts after several years of teaching a teacher receives tenure. At that time it is hard for a teacher to be fired despite their teaching qualifications and abilities. Home schooling a child would assure the parents that their child is receiving a proper education up to their standards. By home schooling their children the parents can control the education by selecting subject courses that follow their own curriculum. The reso... ... any prior teaching certification or experience, which means they may not be able to provide their child with an adequate education. Although home schooling may benefit some students, it is clearly not right for every student. Home schooling has its advantages and disadvantages and its success is not always guaranteed. In some respects home schooling may be cost efficient, but is it really worth it especially since it hampers a child's socialization process. Sources Cited Home Schooling in the United States A Legal Analysis. (2003, August). Home School Legal Defense Association. Retrieved November 19, 2004 from http://www. hslda.org/laws/?State=NJ Home Schooling Statistics. #1 Home Schooling Information and Software. Retrieved November 17, 2004 from http://www.home-schooling-information-software.com/ Home-Schooling-Statistics.html